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. 2014 Mar 24;9(3):e92122.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092122. eCollection 2014.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso

Bagora Bayala  1 , Imaël Henri Nestor Bassole  2 , Charlemagne Gnoula  3 , Roger Nebie  4 , Albert Yonli  5 , Laurent Morel  6 , Gilles Figueredo  7 , Jean-Baptiste Nikiema  8 , Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro  6 , Jacques Simpore  8
Affiliations

Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso

Bagora Bayala et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

This research highlights the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils from leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum americanum, Hyptis spicigera, Lippia multiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Zingiber officinale. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Major constituents were α-terpineol (59.78%) and β-caryophyllene (10.54%) for Ocimum basilicum; 1, 8-cineol (31.22%), camphor (12.730%), α-pinene (6.87%) and trans α-bergamotene (5.32%) for Ocimum americanum; β-caryophyllene (21%), α-pinene (20.11%), sabinene (10.26%), β-pinene (9.22%) and α-phellandrene (7.03%) for Hyptis spicigera; p-cymene (25.27%), β-caryophyllene (12.70%), thymol (11.88), γ-terpinene (9.17%) and thymyle acetate (7.64%) for Lippia multiflora; precocene (82.10%)for Ageratum conyzoides; eucalyptol (59.55%), α-pinene (9.17%) and limonene (8.76%) for Eucalyptus camaldulensis; arcurcumene (16.67%), camphene (12.70%), zingiberene (8.40%), β-bisabolene (7.83%) and β-sesquiphellandrène (5.34%) for Zingiber officinale. Antioxidant activities were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. O. basilicum and L. multiflora exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and essential oil of Z. officinale was the most active. Anti-proliferative effect was assayed by the measurement of MTT on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, and SF-763 and SF-767 glioblastoma cell lines. Essential oils from A. conyzoides and L. multiflora were the most active on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The SF-767 glioblastoma cell line was the most sensitive to O. basilicum and L. multiflora EOs while essential oil of A. conyzoides showed the highest activity on SF-763 cells. Altogether these results justify the use of these plants in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso and open a new field of investigation in the characterization of the molecules involved in anti-proliferative processes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: J-MA. Lobaccaro serves as academic editor for PLoS ONE. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE Editorial policies and criteria. G. Figuerredo is LEXVA-Analytique founder. This does not alter authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Chemical structures of the major compounds found in the analyzed essential oils.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Chromatograms of the various EOs with their major identified compounds.
A) O. basilicum; B) O. americanum; C) H. spicigera; D) L. multiflora; E) A. conizoides; F) A. calmadulensis; G) Z. officinale.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity of EOs after 72 hours of exposure.
A LNCaP cells; B) PC-3 cells; C) SF-767 cells; D) SF-763 cells. Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Time-dependent anti-proliferative activity of EOs after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.
Cells were incubated at IC50 of each EO. a, LNCaP cells; b, PC-3 cells; c, SF-767 cells; d, SF-763 cells. *, p<0.05 compared to 24 hrs of treatment; §, p<0.05 compared to 48 hrs of treatment. Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity of purified compounds and their combination with essential oils after 72 hours of exposure on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines of prostate cancer, and on SF-767 and SF-763 cell lines of glioblastoma.
Experiments were performed 3 times in octuplets.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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