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. 2014:2014:507189.
doi: 10.1155/2014/507189. Epub 2014 Jan 21.

Demography and histologic pattern of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in kenya

Owen Pyeko Menach  1 , Asmeeta Patel  2 , Herbert Ouma Oburra  1
Affiliations

Demography and histologic pattern of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in kenya

Owen Pyeko Menach et al. Int J Otolaryngol. 2014.

Abstract

Background. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer worldwide. Objective. To determine the demographic characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer, establish their tumor characteristics and relate it to their smoking and alcohol ingestion habits. Methods. Fifty cases and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex, and region of residence. History and pattern of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion was taken and analyzed. Results. 33 (66%) of the cases and 3 (6%) among controls were current cigarette smokers. 74% had smoked for more than 30 years, P < 0.0001 OR 21.3 (95% CI: 2.6-176.1). There was a male predominance (96%) and most cases (62%) were from the ethnic communities in the highland areas of Kenya predominantly in Central and Eastern provinces. Very heavy drinkers had increased risk of P < 0.0001 OR, 6.0 (95% CI: 1.957-18.398) and those who smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol had poorly differentiated tumors G3, P < 0.001, OR 11.652 (95% CI 2.305-58.895), and G4, P=0.52 OR 7.286 (95% CI 0.726-73.075). They also presented with advanced disease (73.6%). Conclusion. Cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion are strong risk factors for development of late stage and poorly differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Kenya.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of cases and controls by region.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Occupation among cases and controls.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Levels of education among cases and controls.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [Kenya], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Kenya] and ORC Macro. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003: Key Findings. Calverton, Md, USA: CBS, MOH and ORC Macro; 2004.
    1. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and ICF Macro. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009. Calverton, Md, USA: KNBS and ICF Macro; 2010.
    1. Mutuma GZ, Rugutt-Korir A. Nairobi, Kenya: Nairobi Cancer Registry Kenya Medical Research Institute; Cancer Incidence Report NAIROBI 2000-2002. http://www.healthresearchweb.org/files/CancerIncidenceReportKEMRI.pdf.
    1. Menach P, Oburra HO, Patel A. Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Ingestion as Risk Factors for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat. 2012;5:17–24. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kenya Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003 Fact Sheet. http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/kenya/en/index.html.

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