Using a holistic approach to assess the impact of engineered nanomaterials inducing toxicity in aquatic systems

Abstract

In this report, we critically reviewed selected intrinsic physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and their role in the interaction of the ENMs with the immediate surroundings in representative aquatic environments. The behavior of ENMs with respect to dynamic microenvironments at the nano-bio-eco interface level, and the resulting impact on their toxicity, fate, and exposure potential are elaborated. Based on this literature review, we conclude that a holistic approach is urgently needed to fulfill our knowledge gap regarding the safety of discharged ENMs. This comparative approach affords the capability to recognize and understand the potential hazards of ENMs and their toxicity mechanisms, and ultimately to establish a quantitative and reliable system to predict such outcomes.

Keywords: Aquatic ecosystems; Engineered nanomaterials; Environmental health; Holistic approach.

Fig. 1

Plot of experimentally determined (observed) versus predicted log values of 1/half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀). The straight line represents perfect agreement between experimental and calculated values. The distance of each symbol from the line corresponds to its deviation from the related experimental value. Note. From “Using nano-QSAR to predict the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles,” T. Puzyn, B. Rasulev, A. Gajewicz, et al, 2011, Nat Nanotechnol, 6, p. 175–8. Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group. Reprinted with permission.