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. 2014;15(2):327-34.
doi: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.2.327. Epub 2014 Mar 21.

Distribution, quantitative load and characterization of Salmonella associated with swine farms in upper-northern Thailand

Pakpoom Tadee  1 , Kittipong Kumpapong, Danai Sinthuya, Panuwat Yamsakul, Nipa Chokesajjawatee, Supachai Nuanualsuwan, Suchawan Pornsukarom, Bayleyegn Z Molla, Wondwossen A Gebreyes, Prapas Patchanee
Affiliations

Distribution, quantitative load and characterization of Salmonella associated with swine farms in upper-northern Thailand

Pakpoom Tadee et al. J Vet Sci. 2014.

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and quantitative loads of Salmonella spp. on pig farms in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Thailand to assess loading levels before slaughtering. The serotype diversity, antimicrobial-resistance pattern and pulse-field type of Salmonella spp. were also characterized to assess the dynamic propagation of the pathogen. The Salmonella-positive prevalence was 246/805 (30.56%), and the quantitative loads varied from 1.48 ˜ 4.04 Log10MPN/g, with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.11 ± 0.57. AMP/S/TE (ampicillin/streptomycin/tetracycline) was the highest frequency antimicrobial resistance pattern found in this study. In addition, Salmonella Rissen was the primary serotype in this region. PFGE results indicated the occurrence of infection by cross contamination among pig farms. Our study showed that pork is easily contaminated with this pathogen. Farm control programs must be based on strict biosecurity and hygienic measures, which could further reduce the contamination pressure at slaughterhouses or retail shops.

Keywords: Salmonella; characterization; pig; prevalence; quantitative load.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The percentage antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains (n = 200) from pig farms in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Thailand.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Dendrogram representing PFGE-XbaI identified in the 1st majority serotype with antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Rissen (n = 25) from farms A~D in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Thailand, with similarity determined by the Dice co-efficient and UPGMA clustering. The antibiotic resistance patterns include 10 antibiotics: ampicillin (AMP); amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AUG); chloramphenicol (C); ciprofloxacin (CIP); cefotaxime (CTX); nalidixic acid (NA); norfloxacin (NOR); streptomycin (S); tetracycline (TE); sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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