Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 Apr;6(2):54-61.
doi: 10.1177/1756287213511508.

Antibiotic resistance in pediatric urology

Rachel S Edlin  1 , Hillary L Copp  2
Affiliations
Review

Antibiotic resistance in pediatric urology

Rachel S Edlin et al. Ther Adv Urol. 2014 Apr.

Abstract

Antibiotics are a mainstay in the treatment of bacterial infections, though their use is a primary risk factor for the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in pediatric urology as demonstrated by increased uropathogen resistance. Lack of urine testing, nonselective use of prophylaxis, and poor empiric prescribing practices exacerbate this problem. This article reviews antibiotic utilization in pediatric urology with emphasis on modifiable practice patterns to potentially help mitigate the growing rates of antibiotic resistance. This includes urine testing to only treat when indicated and tailor broad-spectrum therapy as able; selective application of antibiotic prophylaxis to patients with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis with counseling regarding the importance of compliance; and using local antiobiograms, particularly pediatric-specific antiobiograms, with inpatient versus outpatient data.

Keywords: antibiogram; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic resistance; patient compliance; pediatrics; treatment outcome; urinary tract infections.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in preparing this article.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Allen U., Macdonald N., Fuite L., Chan F., Stephens D. (1999) Risk factors for resistance to ‘first-line’ antimicrobials among urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli in children. CMAJ 160: 1436–1440 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Austin D., Kristinsson K., Anderson R. (1999) The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 1152–1156 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bartoloni A., Bartalesi F., Mantella A., Dell’Amico E., Roselli M., Strohmeyer M., et al. (2004) High prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance unrelated to heavy antimicrobial consumption. J Infect Dis 189: 1291–1294 - PubMed
    1. Boggan J., Navar-Boggan A., Jhaveri R. (2012) Pediatric-specific antimicrobial susceptibility data and empiric antibiotic selection. Pediatrics 130: e615-e622 - PubMed
    1. Bollgren I. (1999) Antibacterial prophylaxis in children with urinary tract infection. Acta Paediatr Suppl 88: 48–52 - PubMed