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Review
. 2014 May;13(5):589-608.
doi: 10.1586/14760584.2014.906309. Epub 2014 Apr 1.

Current trends in West Nile virus vaccine development

Ian J Amanna  1 , Mark K Slifka
Affiliations
Review

Current trends in West Nile virus vaccine development

Ian J Amanna et al. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 May.

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has become endemic in the United States. From 1999-2012, there have been 37088 reported cases of WNV and 1549 deaths, resulting in a 4.2% case-fatality rate. Despite development of effective WNV vaccines for horses, there is no vaccine to prevent human WNV infection. Several vaccines have been tested in preclinical studies and to date there have been eight clinical trials, with promising results in terms of safety and induction of antiviral immunity. Although mass vaccination is unlikely to be cost effective, implementation of a targeted vaccine program may be feasible if a safe and effective vaccine can be brought to market. Further evaluation of new and advanced vaccine candidates is strongly encouraged.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Sustained prevalence of West Nile virus in the United States
The annual number of reported WNV cases and associated deaths from 1999-2012 are shown. The highest number of deaths were reported in 2012, with 286 fatalities [201].
Figure 2
Figure 2. Maps of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease incidence and age distribution in the United States
(A) The average annual incidence of human West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease in the United States, 1999-2012, provided by the national ArboNET surveillance system conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [201]. (B) Distribution of Americans aged 65 years and older based on the 2010 Census.
Figure 3
Figure 3. High WNV disease burden in localized regions of the United States
The annual number of reported cases for WNV (A) or the total number of cases for each overlapping 3-year period (B) are shown for Brown County (population size ~37,000), South Dakota from 2002-2013 [204]. Reported WNV cases declined during 2008-2011, but a substantial increase was observed in 2012 and 2013, indicating that relatively high incident, recurrent WNV may be likely to continue in certain at-risk geographic areas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Websites

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