Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Feb;8(2):106-9.
doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021. Epub 2014 Feb 3.

Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Direkvand-Moghadam A  1 , Sayehmiri K  2 , Delpisheh A  2 , Kaikhavandi Sattar  2
Affiliations

Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Direkvand-Moghadam A et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Feb.

Erratum in

  • Correction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jul;9(7):ZZ05. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/8024.6295. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015. PMID: 26217594 Free PMC article.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common health problem in women in reproductive age. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PMS using meta-analysis method.

Methods: This meta-analysis systematically reviewed the prevalence of PMS. A search was conducted using keywords Premenstrual Syndrome, PMS, prevalence PMS and symptom of PMS in reliable English articles. The initial search 53 articles were available. After review of full-text articles, 17 articles were selected for analysis. Data were combined using meta-analysis (random effects model). Data were analyzed using STATA software, Version 11.1 RESULTS: Overall, 17 studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of PMS was 47.8% (95% CI: 32.6-62.9). The lowest and highest prevalence were reported in France 12% (95% CI: 11-13) and Iran 98% (95% CI: 97-100) respectively. However, meta-regression scatter plot showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of PMS during 1996-2011 but correlation between prevalence of PMS and year of study was not significance (p= 0.797).

Interpretation and conclusions: Considering that different tools have been used in studies and many studies have been designed based on a limited sample, therefore, future research needs to consider the prevalence of PMS in different countries of world.

Keywords: Meta-regression model; Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome; Symptom of Premenstrual Syndrome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

[Table/Fig-1]:
[Table/Fig-1]:
Results of the systematic literature search
[Table/Fig-2]:
[Table/Fig-2]:
Eggers publication bias plot
[Table/Fig-3]:
[Table/Fig-3]:
The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome. Squares represented effect estimate of studies with their 95% confidence intervals with size of squares proportional to the weight assigned to the study in the meta-analysis. The diamond represents the overall results and 95% confidence interval of the random effect of the meta-analysis
[Table/Fig-5]:
[Table/Fig-5]:
The prevalence of PMS according to continent. Squares represented effect estimate of studies with their 95% confidence intervals with size of squares proportional to the weight assigned to the study in the meta-analysis. The diamond represents the overall results and 95% confidence interval of the random effect of the meta-analysis
[Table/Fig-6]:
[Table/Fig-6]:
The prevalence of PMS according to Country. Squares represented effect estimate of studies with their 95% confidence intervals with size of squares proportional to the weight assigned to the study in the meta-analysis. The diamond represents the overall results and 95% confidence interval of the random effect of the meta-analysis
[Table/Fig-7]:
[Table/Fig-7]:
Meta-regression plot of the prevalence of PMS based on year of study
[Table/Fig-8]:
[Table/Fig-8]:
Meta-regression scatter plot of the prevalence of PMS based on sample size
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A. Evaluating Shirazi (Thymus vulgaris) on menstrual pain using verbal multidimensional scoring system (VMS) Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6(39):2766.
    1. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A. The impact of a novel herbal Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris on primary dysmenorrhea in comparison to the classical chemical Ibuprofen. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17(7):668–70. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ussher JM, Perz J. PMS as a process of negotiation: women’s experience and management of premenstrual distress. Psychol Health. 2013;28(8):909–27. - PubMed
    1. Biggs WS, Demuth RH. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(8):918–24. - PubMed
    1. Baker LJ, O’Brien PM. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a peri-menopausal perspective. Maturitas. 2012;72(2):121–5. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources