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. 2014 Apr 3;8(1):22.
doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-8-22.

Study on essential oils from four species of Zhishi with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Yuanyan Liu, Zhenli Liu  1 , Chun Wang, Qinglin Zha, Cheng Lu, Zhiqian Song, Zhangchi Ning, Siyu Zhao, Xinmiao Lu, Aiping Lu
Affiliations

Study on essential oils from four species of Zhishi with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Yuanyan Liu et al. Chem Cent J. .

Abstract

Background: Citrus fruits are widely used as food and or for medicinal purposes, and they contain a host of active substances that contribute to health. The immature fruits of Citrus sinensis Osbeck and its cultivars (CS), C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka (CJ), C. aurantium L. and its cultivars (CA) and Poncirus trifoliate Raf. (PT) are the most commonly used medicinal herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, called Zhishi. And their mature fruits can be used as food.

Results: In this study, the essential oils of four different Zhishi species were extracted by steam distillation and detected using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 39 volatiles from the four species were tentatively identified. The limonene was the most abundant amongst the four species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of essential oils showed a clear separation of volatiles among CS, CJ and PT. However, CA could not be separated from these three species. Additionally, the volatiles accounting for the variations among the widely separated species were characterized through their corresponding loading weight.

Conclusion: Sesquiterpenes were identified as characteristic markers for PT. The content of some monoterpenes could be as taxonomic markers between CS and CJ. This work is of great importance for the evaluation and authentication of Zhishi samples through essential oils.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PCA scores plot (PC1 vs. PC2) of the four species of Zhishi samples: 35 samples from CA, 15 samples from CJ, 21 samples from CS and 4 samples from PT. (CA = (red star) CJ = (green triangle), CS = (black diamond) and (PT = blue circle)).
Figure 2
Figure 2
PCA scores plot (PC1 vs. PC2) of the three species of Zhishi samples: 15 samples from CJ, 21 samples from CS and 4 samples from PT. (CJ = (red star), CS = (green triangle) and PT = (black diamond)).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overall PCA loading plot of the GC-MS signals associated with the three species of Zhishi samples: 15 samples from CJ , 21 samples from CJ and 4 samples from PT .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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