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Review
. 2012 Oct;2(4):249-66.
doi: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30111-0.

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of the Aristolochia ( mădōu ling) species

Ping-Chung Kuo  1 , Yue-Chiun Li  1 , Tian-Shung Wu  2
Affiliations
Review

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of the Aristolochia ( mădōu ling) species

Ping-Chung Kuo et al. J Tradit Complement Med. 2012 Oct.

Abstract

Aristolochia ( mădōu ling) is an important genus widely cultivated and had long been known for their extensive use in traditional Chinese medicine. The genus has attracted so much great interest because of their numerous biological activity reports and unique constituents, aristolochic acids (AAs). In 2004, we reviewed the metabolites of Aristolochia species which have appeared in the literature, concerning the isolation, structural elucidation, biological activity and literature references. In addition, the nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids, biosynthetic studies, ecological adaptation, and chemotaxonomy researches were also covered in the past review. In the present manuscript, we wish to review the various physiologically active compounds of different classes reported from Aristolochia species in the period between 2004 and 2011. In regard to the chemical and biological aspects of the constituents from the Aristolochia genus, this review would address the continuous development in the phytochemistry and the therapeutic application of the Aristolochia species. Moreover, the recent nephrotoxicity studies related to aristolochic acids would be covered in this review and the structure-toxicity relationship would be discussed.

Keywords: Alkaloid; Aristolochia; Aristolochic acid; Bioactivity; Flavonoid; Terpenoid.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Aristolochic acids and esters from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Aristolactams from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Aporphines from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Protoberberines from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Isoquinolines from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Benzylisoquinolines from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Amides from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Flavonoids from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Lignans from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Biphenyl ethers from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Coumarins from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Tetralones from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Terpenoids from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Benzenoids from the Aristolochia species.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Steroids and others from the Aristolochia species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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