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. 2013 Apr;3(2):95-101.
doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.110416.

Bioconversion of ginsenosides in the american ginseng ( xī yáng shēn) extraction residue by fermentation with lingzhi ( líng zhī, ganoderma lucidum)

Bo Yang Hsu  1 , Chia Hui Chen  1 , Ting Jang Lu  2 , Lucy Sun Hwang  2
Affiliations

Bioconversion of ginsenosides in the american ginseng ( xī yáng shēn) extraction residue by fermentation with lingzhi ( líng zhī, ganoderma lucidum)

Bo Yang Hsu et al. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Apr.

Abstract

Ginseng ( Rén Shēn) has been widely employed in functional foods and traditional medicines in many Asian countries. Owing to the high consumer demand of ginseng products, a large amount of ginseng residue is generated after extraction of ginseng. However, the ginseng residue still contains many bioactive compounds such as ginsenosides. The objective of this research was to convert ginsenosides in American ginseng ( Xī Yáng Shēn) extraction residue (AmR) by fermentation with lingzhi ( Líng Zhī, Ganoderma lucidum) and the fermentation products will be used for further hypoglycemic activity research. Thus, this study was primarily focused on the ginsenosides that have been reported to possess hypoglycemic activity. In this study, the changes in seven ginsenoside [Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rg3(S), compound K (CK), and Rh2(S)] in the products as affected by fermentation were investigated. Our results showed that the levels of ginsenosides, namely, Rg1, Rg3(S), and CK increased, while the other ginsenosides (Re, Rb1, and Rc) decreased during the fermentation process.

Keywords: Bioconversion; Ganoderma lucidum; Ginseng; Ginsenoside; Lingzhi.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structures of ginsenosides
Figure 2
Figure 2
HPLC chromatogram for separation of seven ginsenoside standards mixed with an internal standard digoxin (IS): 1, Rg1; 2, Re; 3, Rb1; 4, Rc; 5, Rg3(s); 6, CK; 7, Rh2(s). The concentration of each ginsenoside standard was 50 μM, while that of IS digoxin was 60 μM. HPLC conditions are described in the section Materials and Methods
Figure 3
Figure 3
HPLC chromatogram for separation of ginsenosides in unfermented American ginseng residue (AmR) and G. lucidum fermented AmR (FAmR). (a) AmR without fermentation; (b) FAmR-4, AmR fermented with G. lucidum at 10% inoculation for 4 days; (c) FAmR-8, AmR fermented with G. lucidum at 10% inoculation for 8 days; (d) FAmR-13, AmR fermented with G. lucidum at 10% inoculation for 13 days. 1, Rg1; 2, Re; 3, Rb1; 4, Rc; 5, Rg3(s); 6, CK. Sample concentration, 2000 μg/mL; IS concentration, 60 μM
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in ginsenoside content during fermentation of American ginseng residues with G. lucidum at (a) 1% low inoculation, (b) 5% medium inoculation, and (c) 10% high inoculation
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