Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Feb 24:2014:949718.
doi: 10.1155/2014/949718. eCollection 2014.

Multiple control strategies for prevention of avian influenza pandemic

Roman Ullah  1 , Gul Zaman  2 , Saeed Islam  3
Affiliations

Multiple control strategies for prevention of avian influenza pandemic

Roman Ullah et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

We present the prevention of avian influenza pandemic by adjusting multiple control functions in the human-to-human transmittable avian influenza model. First we show the existence of the optimal control problem; then by using both analytical and numerical techniques, we investigate the cost-effective control effects for the prevention of transmission of disease. To do this, we use three control functions, the effort to reduce the number of contacts with human infected with mutant avian influenza, the antiviral treatment of infected individuals, and the effort to reduce the number of infected birds. We completely characterized the optimal control and compute numerical solution of the optimality system by using an iterative method.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The plot represents the population of susceptible humans with and without control.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The plot represents the population of exposed humans with and without control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The plot represents the population of infected humans with and without control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The plot represents the population of treated humans with and without control.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The plot represents the population of recovered humans with and without control.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The plot represents the population of susceptible birds with and without control.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The plot represents the population of exposed birds with and without control.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The plot represents the population of infected birds with and without control.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The plot represents the control variables u 1, u 2, and u 3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key Facts about Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A, (H5N1) Virus. 2006, http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm.
    1. Martcheva M, Bolker BM, Holt RD. Vaccine-induced pathogen strain replacement: what are the mechanisms? Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2008;5(18):3–13. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang Y, Halloran ME, Sugimoto JD, Longini IM., Jr. Detecting human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007;13(9):1348–1353. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zaman M, Ashraf S, Dreyer NA, Toovey S. Human infection with avian influenza virus, Pakistan, 2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2011;17(6):1056–1059. - PMC - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization Europe. Making preparation count: lessons from the avian influenza outbreak in Turkey. 2006, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/90513/E89139.pdf.

LinkOut - more resources