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. 2014 Apr 14;9(4):e94980.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094980. eCollection 2014.

Detection and molecular characterization of J subgroup avian leukosis virus in wild ducks in China

Xiangwei Zeng  1 , Lanlan Liu  2 , Ruijun Hao  1 , Chunyan Han  1
Affiliations

Detection and molecular characterization of J subgroup avian leukosis virus in wild ducks in China

Xiangwei Zeng et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

To assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) in wild ducks in China, we examined samples from 528 wild ducks, representing 17 species, which were collected in China over the past 3 years. Virus isolation and PCR showed that 7 ALV-J strains were isolated from wild ducks. The env genes and the 3'UTRs from these isolates were cloned and sequenced. The env genes of all 7 wild duck isolates were significantly different from those in the prototype strain HPRS-103, American strains, broiler ALV-J isolates and Chinese local chicken isolates, but showed close homology with those found in some layer chicken ALV-J isolates and belonged to the same group. The 3'UTRs of 7 ALV-J wild ducks isolates showed close homology with the prototype strain HPRS-103 and no obvious deletion was found in the 3'UTR except for a 1 bp deletion in the E element that introduced a binding site for c-Ets-1. Our study demonstrated the presence of ALV-J in wild ducks and investigated the molecular characterization of ALV-J in wild ducks isolates.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Identification of 7 ALV-J isolates by PCR (A, primer pair H5/H7; B, primer pair H5/AD1) and AC-ELISA (C).
Uninfected DF-1 cells served as the negative control. DF-1 cells infected with Rous-associated virus type 1 (subgroup A) served as the positive control for PCR with primer pair H5/AD1. DF-1 cells infected with HPRS-103 served as the positive control for PCR, with primer pair H5/H7, and AC-ELISA.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the env gene nucleotide sequences from the ALV-J isolates and reference strains.
The tree was constructed on the basis of the minimum-evolution method using MEGA 4.0 software. Bootstrap values were calculated with 1,000 replicates of the alignment. The two groups are marked. The circles represent the wild bird ALV-J isolates. The solid triangles represent the broiler ALV-J isolates. The hollow triangles represent the layer ALV-J isolates. The solid inverted triangles represent the Chinese local chicken ALV-J isolates. Triangles represent the layer ALV-J isolates. The solid square represents HPRS-103, the prototype strain of ALV-J. The hollow squares represent the American ALV-J strains from meat-type chickens.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3′UTR nucleotide sequences from the ALV-J isolates and reference strains.
The circles represent the wild bird ALV-J isolates. The solid triangles represent the broiler ALV-J isolates. The hollow triangles represent the layer ALV-J isolates. The solid inverted triangles represent the Chinese local chicken ALV-J isolates. Triangles represent the layer ALV-J isolates. The solid square represents HPRS-103, the prototype strain of ALV-J. The hollow squares represent the American ALV-J strains from meat-type chickens.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the E elements.
The dots indicate identical residues, while the letters indicate base substitutions. The dashes indicate gaps produced in the alignment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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