Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014:2014:985258.
doi: 10.1155/2014/985258. Epub 2014 Mar 6.

Cardiovascular complications of sleep apnea: role of oxidative stress

Mohammad Badran  1 , Najib Ayas  2 , Ismail Laher  1
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular complications of sleep apnea: role of oxidative stress

Mohammad Badran et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 2% of middle-aged women and 4% of middle-aged men with a higher prevalence among obese subjects. This condition is considered as an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. One of the major pathophysiological characteristics of OSA is intermittent hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Many animal models, such as the rodent model of intermittent hypoxia, mimic obstructive sleep apnea in human patients and allow more in-depth investigation of biological and cellular mechanisms of this condition. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease resulting from OSA in humans and animal models.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species produced during OSA/IH. H2O2: hydrogen peroxide, IH: intermittent hypoxia, NADPH oxidase: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, NO: nitric oxide, O2 −: superoxide anion, OCl−: hypochlorite anion, OH−: hydroxyl anion, ONOO−: peroxynitrite, OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.
Figure 2
Figure 2
OSA/IH can lead to oxidative stress, which through many mechanisms can cause endothelial function, which eventually progresses to atherosclerosis. eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, IH: intermittent hypoxia, LDL: low density lipoprotein, NO: nitric oxide, ONOO−: peroxynitrite, OSA: obstructive sleep apnea, OxLDL: oxidized low density lipoprotein, ROS: reactive oxygen species,.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Golbidi S, Badran M, Ayas N, Laher I. Cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea. Lung. 2012;190:113–132. - PubMed
    1. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002;165(9):1217–1239. - PubMed
    1. Redline S, Tishler PV, Schluchter M, Aylor J, Clark K, Graham G. Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children: qassociations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1999;159(5):1527–1532. - PubMed
    1. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342(19):1378–1384. - PubMed
    1. Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB, et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation. 2010;122(4):352–360. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources