From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for urban areas

Abstract

Green infrastructure (GI) and ecosystem services (ES) are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations and dynamics of social-ecological systems. However, the scientific discourses around both concepts still lack application-oriented frameworks that consider such a holistic perspective and are suitable to mainstream GI and ES in planning practice. This literature review explores how multifunctionality as one important principle of GI planning can be operationalized by approaches developed and tested in ES research. Specifically, approaches developed in ES research can help to assess the integrity of GI networks, balance ES supply and demand, and consider trade-offs. A conceptual framework for the assessment of multifunctionality from a social-ecological perspective is proposed that can inform the design of planning processes and support stronger exchange between GI and ES research.

Fig. 1

Cascade model for linking ecosystems to human well-being (adapted from Haines-Young and Potschin and de Groot et al. 2010)

Fig. 2

Multifunctionality can be assessed at different spatial levels (reproduced from Davies et al. with kind permission by the authors)

Fig. 3

Conceptual framework for assessment of GI multifunctionality. The boxes with numbers represent different conceptual components derived from GI and ES literature. The lines map data flow from left to right. Lines in black indicate main relations between components while gray lines illustrate supporting relations

Fig. 4

Decision support matrix based on the connectivity of the green infrastructure network and the quality of its elements (adapted from Davies et al. 2006)

Fig. 5

Matrix to determine synergies, trade-offs, and other interrelations between ES (reproduced from Haase et al. with kind permission by the authors)