Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014:2014:343746.
doi: 10.1155/2014/343746. Epub 2014 Feb 26.

Adipokines, metabolic syndrome and rheumatic diseases

Vanessa Abella  1 , Morena Scotece  2 , Javier Conde  2 , Verónica López  2 , Verónica Lazzaro  3 , Jesús Pino  4 , Juan J Gómez-Reino  2 , Oreste Gualillo  2
Affiliations
Review

Adipokines, metabolic syndrome and rheumatic diseases

Vanessa Abella et al. J Immunol Res. 2014.

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders that result from the increasing prevalence of obesity. The major components of MetS include insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS identifies the central obesity with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, have increased prevalence of CVDs. Moreover, CVD risk is increased when obesity is present in these patients. However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Thus, MetS and the altered secretion patterns of proinflammatory adipokines present in obesity could be the link between CVDs and rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, adipokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of MetS and its comorbidities through their effects on vascular function and inflammation. In the present paper, we review recent evidence of the role played by adipokines in the modulation of MetS in the general population, and in patients with rheumatic diseases.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the relations between adipokines, cardiovascular diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of adipokines actions in metabolic syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. The Lancet. 2005;365(9468):1415–1428. - PubMed
    1. Sidiropoulos PI, Karvounaris SA, Boumpas DT. Metabolic syndrome in rheumatic diseases: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2008;10(3, article 207) - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eckel RH, Alberti KGMM, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. The Lancet. 2010;375(9710):181–183. - PubMed
    1. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications—part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Medicine. 1998;15(7):539–553. - PubMed
    1. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–3421. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms