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Review
. 2014 May;14(4):439-52.
doi: 10.1586/14737159.2014.905202.

Glioma diagnostics and biomarkers: an ongoing challenge in the field of medicine and science

Fred H Hochberg  1 , Nadia A Atai, David Gonda, Michael S Hughes, Brolin Mawejje, Leonora Balaj, Robert S Carter
Affiliations
Review

Glioma diagnostics and biomarkers: an ongoing challenge in the field of medicine and science

Fred H Hochberg et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2014 May.

Abstract

Glioma is the most common brain tumor. For the more aggressive form, glioblastoma, standard treatment includes surgical resection, irradiation with adjuvant temozolomide and, on recurrence, experimental chemotherapy. However, the survival of patients remains poor. There is a critical need for minimally invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and as measures of response to therapeutic interventions. Glioma shed extracellular vesicles (EVs), which invade the surrounding tissue and circulate within both the cerebrospinal fluid and the systemic circulation. These tumor-derived EVs and their content serve as an attractive source of biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of biomarkers for glioma with emphasis on their EV derivation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial and competing interests disclosure

RS Carter serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
All CNS tumors and types of brain tumors and their incidence in age categories represented as numbers of individuals versus age. Reprinted with permission from Oxford University Press.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The current paradigm of care for glioma patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The future perspective on the paradigm of care for glioma patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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