Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 May;14(4):439-52.
doi: 10.1586/14737159.2014.905202.

Glioma diagnostics and biomarkers: an ongoing challenge in the field of medicine and science

Fred H Hochberg  1 , Nadia A Atai, David Gonda, Michael S Hughes, Brolin Mawejje, Leonora Balaj, Robert S Carter
Affiliations
Review

Glioma diagnostics and biomarkers: an ongoing challenge in the field of medicine and science

Fred H Hochberg et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2014 May.

Abstract

Glioma is the most common brain tumor. For the more aggressive form, glioblastoma, standard treatment includes surgical resection, irradiation with adjuvant temozolomide and, on recurrence, experimental chemotherapy. However, the survival of patients remains poor. There is a critical need for minimally invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and as measures of response to therapeutic interventions. Glioma shed extracellular vesicles (EVs), which invade the surrounding tissue and circulate within both the cerebrospinal fluid and the systemic circulation. These tumor-derived EVs and their content serve as an attractive source of biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of biomarkers for glioma with emphasis on their EV derivation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Financial and competing interests disclosure

RS Carter serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., NY, USA. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
All CNS tumors and types of brain tumors and their incidence in age categories represented as numbers of individuals versus age. Reprinted with permission from Oxford University Press.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The current paradigm of care for glioma patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The future perspective on the paradigm of care for glioma patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Atai NA, Renkema-Mills NA, Bosman J, et al. Differential activity of NADPH-producing dehydrogenases renders rodents unsuitable models to study IDH1R132 mutation effects in human glioblastoma. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2011;59(5):489–503. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Théry C, Zitvogel L, Amigorena S. Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2002;2(8):569–579. - PubMed
    1. Dolecek TA, Propp JM, Stroup NE, Kruchko C. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2005–2009. Neuro-oncology. 2012;14(Suppl 5):v1–v49. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grossman SA, Osman M, Hruban R, Piantadosi S. Central nervous system cancers in first-degree relatives and spouses. Cancer Invest. 1999;17(5):299–308. - PubMed
    1. Neglia JP, Robison LL, Stovall M, et al. New primary neoplasms of the central nervous system in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 2006;98(21):1528–1537. - PubMed

Publication types

Substances

LinkOut - more resources