Update on the diagnosis and management of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (formerly megabacteria) in avian patients

Abstract

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, a yeast found only at the junction between the ventriculus and proventriculus, can infect a wide range of birds. Infection is often subclinical but can also result in gastrointestinal signs. Direct observation of the organism in the feces is a specific but somewhat insensitive means of diagnosis. At least three antifungal drugs are reported to be effective for treatment but resistance to one or more of these drugs may occur.

Keywords: Bird; Diagnosis; Macrorhabdus ornithogaster; Treatment.