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. 2014 Mar 27:5:365-373.
doi: 10.3762/bjnano.5.42. eCollection 2014.

Exploring the complex mechanical properties of xanthan scaffolds by AFM-based force spectroscopy

Hao Liang #  1 , Guanghong Zeng #  2 , Yinli Li  1 , Shuai Zhang  2 , Huiling Zhao  1   2 , Lijun Guo  1 , Bo Liu  1 , Mingdong Dong  2
Affiliations

Exploring the complex mechanical properties of xanthan scaffolds by AFM-based force spectroscopy

Hao Liang et al. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. .

Abstract

The polysaccharide xanthan has been extensively studied owing to its potential application in tissue engineering. In this paper, xanthan scaffold structures were investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM) in liquid, and the mechanical properties of the complex xanthan structures were investigated by using AFM-based force spectroscopy (FS). In this work, three types of structures in the xanthan scaffold were identified based on three types of FS stretching events. The fact that the complex force responses are the combinations of different types of stretching events suggests complicated intermolecular interactions among xanthan fibrils. The results provide crucial information to understand the structures and mechanical properties of the xanthan scaffold.

Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); force spectroscopy (FS); mechanical properties; xanthan scaffold.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
AFM images of xanthan scaffold A) in air, B) in isopropanol. C) Height histograms of xanthan scaffold in air and in isopropanol, respectively. D) Topography image in isopropanol. E) Corresponding deflection image in isopropanol. F) Line profiles that correspond to the marks L1, L2 and L3 in Figure 1D.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Typical force curves with different number of rupture events. A) Single event. B) Double events. C) Triple events. D) Multiple events.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A) Schematic diagram of the superposition of force curves with single events. B) Distributions of rupture length and rupture force of various single events obtained by manipulating distinctive structures P1, P2 and P3. C,D) The frequency distributions of rupture force and rupture length.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A) Typical “type 1” (t1) force curve fitted with the WLC model. The inset is the model proposed to illustrate the single stretching events. B) The superposition of normalized single events (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
A,B) Typical single stretching event with one and two kinks (type 2), the insets are the proposed models. C,D) The frequency distributions of rupture force and rupture length of kinks in force curves with only one kink, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A) Typical double-peak force curve. B) “type 3” (t3) force curve. C,D) histograms of the differences between the rupture forces and rupture lengths of the two continues peaks in t3 force curves.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mechanical responses composited by different type force curves. A) t1 + t2. B) t2 + t3. C) t1 + t3. D) t2 + t2 + t1 + t3.
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