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. 2013 Jan;1(4):264-73.
doi: 10.1159/000342915. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

Relative impact of iodine supplementation and maternal smoking on cord blood thyroglobulin in pregnant women with normal thyroid function

Sylvie Hiéronimus  1 , Patricia Ferrari  2 , Jocelyn Gal  3 , Frédéric Berthier  3 , Stéphane Azoulay  4 , André Bongain  5 , Patrick Fénichel  6 , Françoise Brucker-Davis  6
Affiliations

Relative impact of iodine supplementation and maternal smoking on cord blood thyroglobulin in pregnant women with normal thyroid function

Sylvie Hiéronimus et al. Eur Thyroid J. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact on cord blood (CB) thyroglobulin (Tg) of early iodine supplementation during pregnancy.

Methods: A total of 111 healthy pregnant women with normal thyroid function were included in a prospective randomized study and divided into two groups with (150 μg/day) or without iodine supplementation started during the first trimester. Maternal smoking was assessed qualitatively by self-reported statements and quantitatively by cotininuria. Exhaustive thyroid tests were performed at delivery in the mother and in CB.

Results: Third-trimester ioduria documented compliance with iodine supplementation (160 vs. 76 μg/l in controls). CB Tg was not different between the iodine and control groups (median 77 vs. 79.5 ng/ml, respectively) and did not correlate with maternal ioduria. CB Tg was higher in newborns from smoking mothers (114 vs. 64.7 ng/ml) and correlated with self-reported smoking status more than with maternal cotininuria. Nonsmokers had no difference in CB Tg whether they took iodine supplementation or not, as opposed to smokers, who tended to benefit from supplementation.

Conclusions: Iodine supplementation does not significantly impact CB Tg in healthy nonsmoker pregnant women selected for normal thyroid function, as opposed to maternal smoking. CB Tg appears to be a marker of in utero tobacco exposure. In areas of mild iodine deficiency, iodine supplementation could especially benefit the fetuses of smokers.

Keywords: Cord blood; Iodine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid tests.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CB Tg according to maternal smoking and iodine supplementation. Results are expressed as medians. The CB Tg of smokers from the control group was significantly higher than the CB Tg from nonsmokers whether they took iodine (p = 0.007) or not (p = 0.002). It also tended to be higher than the CB Tg of smokers from the group taking iodine supplementation (p = 0.1). On the other hand, the Tg of nonsmokers was not different whether they took iodine or not, nor from the Tg of smokers who took iodine.
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