Nuking the radiation: minimizing radiation exposure in the evaluation of pediatric blunt trauma

Abstract

Purpose of review: Our objective is to highlight recent literature investigating low-radiation diagnostic strategies in the evaluation of pediatric trauma.

Recent findings: In the area of minor head injury, research has focused on implementation of validated clinical decision rules into practice to reduce unnecessary computed tomography scans. Clinical observation may also serve as an adjunct to initial assessment and a potential substitute for computed tomography imaging. Subgroups of children with special needs or severe injury mechanisms may also be safely characterized by the clinical decision rule and spared radiation exposure. Physical examination techniques may be useful in diagnosing mandibular fractures. In addition, evidence suggests that plain radiography for evaluation of blunt thoracic trauma may be sufficient in many cases, and computed tomography could be reserved for those with abnormal radiographs, high-risk mechanisms, or abnormal physical findings. Clinical decision rules are able to predict intra-abdominal injury with high sensitivity. Data suggest that skeletal surveys may be modified to limit radiation exposure in the case of suspected nonaccidental trauma.

Summary: More research is needed in development of pediatric-specific clinical decision rules and risk stratification and in testing low-radiation diagnostic modalities in the pediatric trauma population.