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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Jun 20;32(18):1927-34.
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.7753. Epub 2014 May 5.

Capecitabine and oxaliplatin in the preoperative multimodality treatment of rectal cancer: surgical end points from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial R-04

Michael J O'Connell  1 , Linda H Colangelo  1 , Robert W Beart  1 , Nicholas J Petrelli  1 , Carmen J Allegra  1 , Saima Sharif  1 , Henry C Pitot  1 , Anthony F Shields  1 , Jerome C Landry  1 , David P Ryan  1 , David S Parda  1 , Mohammed Mohiuddin  1 , Amit Arora  1 , Lisa S Evans  1 , Nathan Bahary  1 , Gamini S Soori  1 , Janice Eakle  1 , John M Robertson  1 , Dennis F Moore Jr  1 , Michael R Mullane  1 , Benjamin T Marchello  1 , Patrick J Ward  1 , Timothy F Wozniak  1 , Mark S Roh  1 , Greg Yothers  1 , Norman Wolmark  1
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Randomized Controlled Trial

Capecitabine and oxaliplatin in the preoperative multimodality treatment of rectal cancer: surgical end points from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial R-04

Michael J O'Connell et al. J Clin Oncol. .

Abstract

Purpose: The optimal chemotherapy regimen administered concurrently with preoperative radiation therapy (RT) for patients with rectal cancer is unknown. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial R-04 compared four chemotherapy regimens administered concomitantly with RT.

Patients and methods: Patients with clinical stage II or III rectal cancer who were undergoing preoperative RT (45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks plus a boost of 5.4 Gy to 10.8 Gy in three to six daily fractions) were randomly assigned to one of the following chemotherapy regimens: continuous intravenous infusional fluorouracil (CVI FU; 225 mg/m(2), 5 days per week), with or without intravenous oxaliplatin (50 mg/m(2) once per week for 5 weeks) or oral capecitabine (825 mg/m(2) twice per day, 5 days per week), with or without oxaliplatin (50 mg/m(2) once per week for 5 weeks). Before random assignment, the surgeon indicated whether the patient was eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery based on clinical staging. The surgical end points were complete pathologic response (pCR), sphincter-sparing surgery, and surgical downstaging (conversion to sphincter-sparing surgery).

Results: From September 2004 to August 2010, 1,608 patients were randomly assigned. No significant differences in the rates of pCR, sphincter-sparing surgery, or surgical downstaging were identified between the CVI FU and capecitabine regimens or between the two regimens with or without oxaliplatin. Patients treated with oxaliplatin experienced significantly more grade 3 or 4 diarrhea (P < .001).

Conclusion: Administering capecitabine with preoperative RT achieved similar rates of pCR, sphincter-sparing surgery, and surgical downstaging compared with CVI FU. Adding oxaliplatin did not improve surgical outcomes but added significant toxicity. The definitive analysis of local tumor control, disease-free survival, and overall survival will be performed when the protocol-specified number of events has occurred.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00058474.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.

Figures

Fig 1.
Fig 1.
CONSORT diagram for NSABP (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project) R-04. CAPE, capecitabine; cCR, complete clinical response; FU, fluorouracil; OX, oxaliplatin; pCR, pathologic complete response.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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