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Review
. 2014 Aug;64(2):210-4.
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03449.

Arterial stiffness and hypertension: chicken or egg?

Gary F Mitchell
Review

Arterial stiffness and hypertension: chicken or egg?

Gary F Mitchell. Hypertension. 2014 Aug.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Hypertension prevalence and control rates as a function of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004
Data are derived from Wong, et al.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Arterial stiffness, incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease
A. The prevalence of a high-risk value for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (>~12 m/s) increases sharply from midlife to old age. B. The unadjusted risk for incident hypertension increases across groups defined according to quintiles of arterial stiffness (forward pressure wave amplitude, FWA, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV) and wave reflection (augmentation index, AI). C. The incidence of a first major cardiovascular disease event in groups defined according to quartiles of CFPWV in the Framingham offspring cohort. Reproduced from (A) Mitchell, et al, (B) Kaess, et al and (C) Mitchell et al.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Mean values of pulse pressure (PP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) according to age in the Framingham offspring and third generation cohorts
CFPWV increases monotonically with age, whereas PP falls with age in young adults through to midlife and then increases concordantly with CFPWV thereafter. The pattern of age associations suggest that progressive aortic wall stiffening antedates the onset of progressive widening of pulse pressure, which is a necessary precursor of wide-PP hypertension after midlife. Modified from Mitchell, et al.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Frequency of hypertension subtypes in patients with uncontrolled hypertension
Beyond 60 years of age, isolated systolic hypertension was by far the leading subtype. White bars are isolated diastolic hypertension, hatched bars are mixed hypertension and black bars are isolated systolic hypertension. Reproduced from Franklin, et al.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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