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Comment
. 2014 Mar-Apr;27(2):157-9.
Epub 2014 Apr 30.

[Analysis of the Cochrane Review: Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014,3:CD009893]

[Article in Portuguese]
Affiliations
  • PMID: 24813481
Free article
Comment

[Analysis of the Cochrane Review: Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014,3:CD009893]

[Article in Portuguese]
António Vaz Carneiro et al. Acta Med Port. 2014 Mar-Apr.
Free article

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is one of the most important complications of lone (non-valvular) atrial fibrillation. Its prevention is usually accomplished through oral anticoagulation. Until a few years ago warfarin was the most used agent, but recently two new pharmacologic classes have been introduced for stroke prevention in these patients: oral direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran and ximelagatran) and oral factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban). In this systematic review, oral direct thrombin inhibitors were compared with warfarin for efficacy and safety. The results indicate that there is no difference in terms of efficacy (except dabigatran 150 mg BID). Oral direct thrombin inhibitors presented less hemorrhages but increased treatment withdrawal due to adverse side-effects (the authors performed post-hoc analyses excluding ximelagatran because this drug was withdrawn from the market owing to safety concerns). There was no difference in terms of mortality between the agents.

Uma das complicações mais importantes dos doentes com fibrilhação auricular não-reumática é o acidente vascular cerebral isquémico. A prevenção desta complicação é habitualmente feita através da anticoagulação oral. Até há alguns anos atrás a varfine era o agente mais utilizado, mas recentemente duas novas classes surgiram para a prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral nestes doentes: os inibidores directos da trombina (dabigratano e ximelagatrano) e os inibidores do factor Xa (rivaroxabano, apixabano e edoxabano). Na presente revisão sistemática compararam-se o dabigatrano, o AZD0837 e o ximelagatrano (apenas incluído nos resultados da revisão em análises post-hoc por ter sido retirado do mercado por questões de segurança) com a varfine, em termos de eficácia e segurança. Os resultados indicam que em termos de eficácia não há diferenças entre a varfine e os inibidores da trombina (com excepção do dabigatrano na dose de 150 mg BID). Em termos de segurança, os inibidores da trombina provocaram menos hemorragias, mas verificou-se um aumento da interrupção de tratamento por efeitos adversos. Não se verificaram diferenças na taxa de mortalidade global entre os dois grupos farmacológicos.

Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation; Stroke Thrombin; Systematic Reviews; Vitamin K.

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