The glue protein of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa): a natural adhesive with some features of collagen

Abstract

The Atlantic ribbed mussel Geukensia (Modiolus) demissa attaches itself to the roots of cord grass and other hard objects in tidal salt marshes by spinning adhesive byssal threads. The precursor of a protein apparently present in the adhesive plaques of the threads was isolated in quantity from the foot of the mussel. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 130,000, a pI of 8.1, and contains a high proportion of Gly, Glu/Gln, Lys and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA). Sequence of tryptic peptides suggests a pattern of repeated motifs, such as: Gly--DOPA--Lys, and X--Gly--DOPA--Y--Z--Gly--DOPA/Tyr--Lys, where X is Thr or Ala in octapeptides and Gln--Thr in nonapeptides. Y is variable, but more often than not hydrophobic; and Z is frequently Pro or 4-trans-hydroxyproline (Hyp). The presence of Pro--Gly and Hyp--Gly sequences of delta-hydroxylysine in the protein is reminiscent of typical collagens; however, the protein is not labile to clostridial collagenase, nor does collagen cross-react with antibodies raised against the mussel protein. Unlike typical collagens, Gly probably occurs only at every 4th or 5th residue in this unusual mussel protein.