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. 2014:2014:160695.
doi: 10.1155/2014/160695. Epub 2014 Apr 16.

Effect of the combination of gelam honey and ginger on oxidative stress and metabolic profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani  1 , Levin Kesu Belani  2 , Chong Pui Sin  2 , Siti Nor Amilah Abdul Rahman  2 , Srijit Das  3 , Thent Zar Chi  3 , Suzana Makpol  1 , Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof  1
Affiliations

Effect of the combination of gelam honey and ginger on oxidative stress and metabolic profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

Diabetic complications occur as a result of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to long term hyperglycaemia. Honey and ginger have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity which can scavenge ROS. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gelam honey, ginger, and their combination. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 major groups which consisted of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin intramuscularly (55 mg/kg body weight). Each group was further divided into 4 smaller groups according to the supplements administered: distilled water, honey (2 g/kg body weight), ginger (60 mg/kg body weight), and honey + ginger. Body weight and glucose levels were recorded weekly, while blood from the orbital sinus was obtained after 3 weeks of supplementation for the estimation of metabolic profile: glucose, triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The combination of gelam honey and ginger did not show hypoglycaemic potential; however, the combination treatment reduced significantly (P < 0.05) SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA level, while GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Blood glucose level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Blood triglyceride level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination; e: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control; f: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic + gelam honey.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; e: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Blood catalase (CAT) level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination; e: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Plasma GSH level and (b) ratio of GSH/GSSG after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination; e: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control; f: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic + gelam honey; g: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic + ginger.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level after 3 weeks of treatment in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats with various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. a: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal control; b: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + gelam honey; c: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal + ginger; d: significant (P < 0.05) compared to normal combination; e: significant (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control.
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