The association between primary tooth emergence and anthropometric measures in young adults: findings from a large prospective cohort study

Abstract

Cross sectional studies suggest a link may exist between tooth emergence and obesity. To explore this relationship, we aimed to evaluate the prospective associations between primary tooth emergence and anthropometric measures in young adults. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse relationships between primary tooth emergence, and anthropometric measures measured at 17.8 years, in 2977 participants (1362 males and 1615 females) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). In minimally adjusted models, 'quintiles of number of paired teeth' (assessed by questionnaire at 15 months) was positively associated with height [change in height (cm) per quintile increase in 'number of paired teeth' (β) = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.52) P = 0.0001] and weight [ratio of geometric mean weight per quintile increase in 'number of paired teeth' (RGM) = 1.015 (95%CI: 1.010, 1.019) P<0.0001]. The relationship with weight was largely driven by fat mass, which showed an equivalent relationship with 'quintiles of number of paired teeth' to that seen for weight [RGM = 1.036 (95%CI: 1.022, 1.051) P<0.0001] (adjusted for height)]. Conversely, no association was seen between 'quintiles of number of paired teeth' and lean mass. An increase in 'quintiles of number of paired teeth' at age 15 months was associated with a higher Tanner stage at age 13 in girls but not boys, but further adjustment of associations between 'quintiles of number of paired teeth' and anthropometric traits for Tanner stage was without effect. Primary tooth emergence is associated with subsequent fat mass, suggesting these could share common constitutive factors, and that early primary tooth emergence may represent a hitherto unrecognised risk factor for the development of obesity in later life.

Figure 1. Relationship between ‘Number of Paired Teeth’ and Height/Fat-mass Adjusted for Tanner Stage and Stratified by Gender.

Bar chart showing the relationship between quintiles of ‘number of paired teeth’ (15 months) and: a) height (cm) stratified for males and adjusted for tanner stage at 13 years, b) height (cm) stratified for females and adjusted for tanner stage at 13 years, c) Fat mass stratified for males and adjusted for height (cm), lean mass (kg) and tanner stage at 13 years. d) Fat mass stratified for females and adjusted for height (cm), lean mass (kg) and tanner stage at 13 years. All analyses were also adjusted for age of participant at dental questionnaire completion, age at dxa clinic, and gestational age. P-values report the P trend. N males  = 997, N females = 1240.