Does the absence of a supportive family environment influence the outcome of a universal intervention for the prevention of depression?

doi:10.3390/ijerph110505113

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2014 May 13;11(5):5113-32.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph110505113.

Does the absence of a supportive family environment influence the outcome of a universal intervention for the prevention of depression?

Susan H Spence¹, Michael G Sawyer², Jeanie Sheffield³, George Patton⁴, Lyndal Bond⁵, Brian Graetz⁶, Debra Kay⁷

Affiliations

¹ Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. s.spence@griffith.edu.au.
² Research and Evaluation Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. michael.sawyer@adelaide.edu.au.
³ School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Dr., St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. jeanie@psy.uq.edu.au.
⁴ Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. gcpatton@unimelb.edu.au.
⁵ Centre of Excellence in Intervention and Prevention Science, 15-31 Pelham Street South Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia. lyndalbond@ceips.org.au.
⁶ beyondblue, P.O. Box 6100, Hawthorn West, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia. brian.graetz@beyondblue.org.au.
⁷ International Centre for Allied Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Cnr of North Terrace and Frome Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. debra.kay@internode.on.net.

PMID: 24828082
PMCID: PMC4053893
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110505113

Randomized Controlled Trial

Does the absence of a supportive family environment influence the outcome of a universal intervention for the prevention of depression?

Susan H Spence et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014.

. 2014 May 13;11(5):5113-32.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph110505113.

Authors

Susan H Spence¹, Michael G Sawyer², Jeanie Sheffield³, George Patton⁴, Lyndal Bond⁵, Brian Graetz⁶, Debra Kay⁷

Affiliations

¹ Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. s.spence@griffith.edu.au.
² Research and Evaluation Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. michael.sawyer@adelaide.edu.au.
³ School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Dr., St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. jeanie@psy.uq.edu.au.
⁴ Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. gcpatton@unimelb.edu.au.
⁵ Centre of Excellence in Intervention and Prevention Science, 15-31 Pelham Street South Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia. lyndalbond@ceips.org.au.
⁶ beyondblue, P.O. Box 6100, Hawthorn West, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia. brian.graetz@beyondblue.org.au.
⁷ International Centre for Allied Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Cnr of North Terrace and Frome Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. debra.kay@internode.on.net.

PMID: 24828082
PMCID: PMC4053893
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110505113

Abstract

To date, universal, school-based interventions have produced limited success in the long-term prevention of depression in young people. This paper examines whether family relationship support moderates the outcomes of a universal, school-based preventive intervention for depression in adolescents. It reports a secondary analysis of data from the beyondblue schools research initiative. Twenty-five matched pairs of secondary schools were randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition (N = 5633 Grade 8 students). The multi-component, school-based intervention was implemented over a 3-year period, with 2 years of follow-up in Grades 11 and 12. For those available at follow-up, small but significantly greater reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms and improvements in emotional wellbeing were found over time for the intervention group compared to the control among those who experienced low family relationship support in Grade 8. For those who did not experience low family relationship support in Grade 8, no significant effects of the invention were found over the control condition. This pattern of results was also found for the intent-to-treat sample for measures of depression and anxiety. Previous research may have overlooked important moderating variables that influence the outcome of universal approaches to the prevention of depression. The findings raise issues of the relative costs and benefits of universal versus targeted approaches to the prevention of depression.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
Flow of adolescent participants through study.

**Figure 2**
Estimated means for depression scores from Grades 8 to 12 by family support status and condition.

**Figure 3**
Estimated means for anxiety and emotional wellbeing scores from Grades 8 to 12 by family support status and condition.

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Implementation of a Transdiagnostic Universal Prevention Program on Anxiety in Junior High School Students After School Closure During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Kishida K, Hida N, Matsubara K, Oguni M, Ishikawa SI. Kishida K, et al. J Prev (2022). 2023 Feb;44(1):69-84. doi: 10.1007/s10935-022-00709-9. Epub 2022 Sep 30. J Prev (2022). 2023. PMID: 36180665 Free PMC article.
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Kishida K, Hida N, Ishikawa SI. Kishida K, et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022 Feb 3;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13034-022-00445-2. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022. PMID: 35115033 Free PMC article.
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References

1. Stice E., Shaw H., Bohon C., Marti C.N., Rohde P. A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2009;77:486–503. doi: 10.1037/a0015168. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Greenberg M.T. Current and future challenges in school-based prevention: The researcher perspective. Prev. Sci. 2004;5:5–13. doi: 10.1023/B:PREV.0000013976.84939.55. - DOI - PubMed
1. Sawyer M.G., Pfeiffer S., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A randomised controlled study of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2010;51:199–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02136.x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Spence S., Burns J., Boucher S., Glover S., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sawyer M. The beyondblue schools research initiative: Conceptual framework and intervention. Australas. Psychiatry. 2005;13:159–164. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02180.x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Sawyer M.G., Harchak T.F., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Adolesc. Health. 2010;47:297–304. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.007. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Stice E., Shaw H., Bohon C., Marti C.N., Rohde P. A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2009;77:486–503. doi: 10.1037/a0015168. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Stice E., Shaw H., Bohon C., Marti C.N., Rohde P. A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2009;77:486–503. doi: 10.1037/a0015168. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Greenberg M.T. Current and future challenges in school-based prevention: The researcher perspective. Prev. Sci. 2004;5:5–13. doi: 10.1023/B:PREV.0000013976.84939.55. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Greenberg M.T. Current and future challenges in school-based prevention: The researcher perspective. Prev. Sci. 2004;5:5–13. doi: 10.1023/B:PREV.0000013976.84939.55. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Sawyer M.G., Pfeiffer S., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A randomised controlled study of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2010;51:199–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02136.x. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Sawyer M.G., Pfeiffer S., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A randomised controlled study of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2010;51:199–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02136.x. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Spence S., Burns J., Boucher S., Glover S., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sawyer M. The beyondblue schools research initiative: Conceptual framework and intervention. Australas. Psychiatry. 2005;13:159–164. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02180.x. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Spence S., Burns J., Boucher S., Glover S., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sawyer M. The beyondblue schools research initiative: Conceptual framework and intervention. Australas. Psychiatry. 2005;13:159–164. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02180.x. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Sawyer M.G., Harchak T.F., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Adolesc. Health. 2010;47:297–304. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.007. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Sawyer M.G., Harchak T.F., Spence S.H., Bond L., Graetz B., Kay D., Patton G., Sheffield J. School-based prevention of depression: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of the beyondblue schools research initiative. J. Adolesc. Health. 2010;47:297–304. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.007. - DOI - PubMed

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Does the absence of a supportive family environment influence the outcome of a universal intervention for the prevention of depression?

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Does the absence of a supportive family environment influence the outcome of a universal intervention for the prevention of depression?

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