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Review
. 2012 Jan;26(1):22-34.
doi: 10.1002/jcla.20500.

Application of electrochemical biosensors in clinical diagnosis

Rastislav Monošík  1 , Miroslav Stred'anský, Ernest Šturdík
Affiliations
Review

Application of electrochemical biosensors in clinical diagnosis

Rastislav Monošík et al. J Clin Lab Anal. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Analyses in the clinical area need quick and reliable analytical methods and devices. For this purpose, biosensors can be a suitable option, whereas they are constructed to be simple for use, specific for the target analyte, capable of continuous monitoring and giving quick results, potentially low-costing and portable. In this article, we describe electrochemical biosensors developed for clinical diagnosis, namely for glucose, lactate, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, DNA, antigens, antibodies, and cancer markers assays. Chosen biosensors showed desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and potential for application on real samples. They are often designed to avoid interference with undesired components present in the monitored systems.

Keywords: amperometric; analysis; biosensor; clinical diagnosis; enzyme.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Working principle of an amperometric biosensor. Analyte present in a sample reacts with a bioelement immobilized on the working electrode. Biochemical event results in the current change, which is proportional to the analyte concentration.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scheme showing different biosensor immunoassay formats using amperometric detection. (A) Biosensor to detect an antigen (Ag) using a competitive immunoassay format, with a redox‐enzyme‐labeled antigen and the natural substrate of the enzyme. (B) Biosensor to detect a specific antibody (Ab) using an indirect immunoassay format 77.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ultrasensitive DNA sensing by Ru(bpy)3 2+ mediator amplified guanine (G) oxidation on a electrode covered with MWCNT 98. MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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