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Review
. 2014 May 14;20(18):5411-9.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5411.

Non-coding RNAs and gastric cancer

Pei-Fei Li  1 , Sheng-Can Chen  1 , Tian Xia  1 , Xiao-Ming Jiang  1 , Yong-Fu Shao  1 , Bing-Xiu Xiao  1 , Jun-Ming Guo  1
Affiliations
Review

Non-coding RNAs and gastric cancer

Pei-Fei Li et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play key roles in development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage, size, differentiation and metastasis. MiRNAs interrupt cellular signaling pathways, inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, and affect the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells. Some miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-106a and miR-421, could be potential markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new research hotspot among cancer-associated ncRNAs, play important roles in epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Several gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs, such as CCAT1, GACAT1, H19, and SUMO1P3, have been explored. In addition, Piwi-interacting RNAs, another type of small ncRNA that is recognized by gastroenterologists, are involved in gastric carcinogenesis, and piR-651/823 represents an efficient diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer that can be detected in the blood and gastric juice. Small interfering RNAs also function in post-transcriptional regulation in gastric cancer and might be useful in gastric cancer treatment.

Keywords: Gastric cancer; Long non-coding RNA; MicroRNA; Non-coding RNA; Piwi-interacting RNA; Small interfering RNA.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Functions of microRNA-106b-25. By interfering with the expression of CDKN1 (p2lWaf1/Cip1) and BCL2L11 (Bim), the interaction of miR-106b-25 with E2F1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) affects the cell cycle and apoptosis. miR: microRNA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Roles of microRNA-195/microRNA-378 in gastric cancer. Due to promoter methylation, miR-195 and miR-378 are down-regulated in gastric cancer compared with non-tumor tissue. miR-195 and miR-378 mimics inhibited tumor cell growth and promoted the growth of normal gastric epithelial cells. miR: microRNA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Molecular mechanisms of the microRNA-129 family in regulating the cell cycle in gastric cancer. Cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is a target of three members of the miR-129 family. Thus, increased miR-129 in gastric cancer cells might decrease CDK6 levels, affecting G1-S transition. miR: microRNA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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