Butanol fraction of Khaya senegalensis root modulates β-cell function and ameliorates diabetes-related biochemical parameters in a type 2 diabetes rat model

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is commonly exploited for the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and Togo. The present study was conducted to examine the anti-diabetic activity of Khaya senegalensis butanol fraction (KSBF) of root ethanolic extract in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats.

Materials and methods: T2D was induced in rats by feeding a 10% fructose solution ad libitum for two weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) and the animals were treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW) of the fraction for five days in a week. Relevant diabetes-related parameters were analyzed in all experimental animals.

Results: The KSBF treatment, at 300 mg/kg BW, significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose level, improved oral glucose tolerance ability and β-cell function (HOMA-β), decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis, ameliorated serum lipids alterations and prevented hepatic and renal damages compared to untreated diabetic rats. Additionally, the fraction insignificantly (p>0.05) improved weight gain, decreased food and fluid intake, stimulated insulin secretion and lowered serum fructosamine concentrations compared to untreated diabetic rats.

Conclusions: Data from this study suggests that orally administered KSBF, at 300 mg/kg BW, possess remarkable anti-type 2 diabetic activity and could ameliorate some diabetes-associated complications and hence can be considered as a source of potential anti-type 2 diabetic medicine.

Keywords: Absolute ethanol (CID 702); African mahogany; Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) (CID 11873); Ethyl acetate (CID 8857); Hydrogen peroxide (CID 784); Khaya senegalensis; Maltose (CID 6255); Rats; Starch (CID 439341); Streptozotocin (CID 29327); Type 2 diabetes; p-Nitrophenol (CID 980); p-Nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) (CID 1197369); α-Amylase; α-Amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1); α-Glucosidase; α-Glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.20).