Vascular Response to Graded Angiotensin II Infusion in Offspring Subjected to High-Salt Drinking Water during Pregnancy: The Effect of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Urine Output, Endothelial Permeability, and Gender

Abstract

Introduction. Rennin-angiotensin system and salt diet play important roles in blood pressure control. We hypothesized that the high-salt intake during pregnancy influences the degree of angiotensin-dependent control of the blood pressure in adult offspring. Methods. Female Wistar rats in two groups (A and B) were subjected to drink tap and salt water, respectively, during pregnancy. The offspring were divided into four groups as male and female offspring from group A (groups 1 and 2) and from group B (groups 3 and 4). In anesthetized matured offspring mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and urine output were measured in response to angiotensin II (AngII) (0-1000 ng/kg/min, iv) infusion. Results. An increase in MAP was detected in mothers with salt drinking water (P < 0.05). The body weight increased and kidney weight decreased significantly in male offspring from group 3 in comparison to group 1 (P < 0.05). MAP and urine volume in response to AngII infusion increased in group 3 (P < 0.05). These findings were not observed in female rats. Conclusion. Salt overloading during pregnancy had long-term effects on kidney weight and increased sex-dependent response to AngII infusion in offspring (adult) that may reveal the important role of diet during pregnancy in AngII receptors.

Figure 1

MAP and HR responses to AngII and body weight change in male (groups 1 and 3) and female (groups 2 and 4) offspring (adult). The star (∗) indicates significant difference from group 1. Groups 1 and 2: male (group 1) and female (group 2) offspring from mothers who received tap water during pregnancy. Groups 3 and 4: male (group 3) and female (group 4) offspring from mothers who received high-salt water during pregnancy.

Figure 2

Body weight, urine output response to AngII infusion, and kidney weight in male (groups 1 and 3) and female (groups 2 and 4) offspring (adult). Groups 1 and 2: male (group 1) and female (group 2) offspring from mothers who received tap water during pregnancy. Groups 3 and 4: male (group 3) and female (group 4) offspring from mothers who received high-salt water during pregnancy.