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Comment
. 2014 May 28;34(22):7395-7.
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1168-14.2014.

The roles of sleep-wake states and brain rhythms in epileptic seizure onset

Omar J Ahmed  1 , Sujith Vijayan  2
Affiliations
Comment

The roles of sleep-wake states and brain rhythms in epileptic seizure onset

Omar J Ahmed et al. J Neurosci. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Relationship between sleep–wake states, brain rhythms, and seizure onset across species and regions. A, Left, In human MTLE, focal seizures arise from the hippocampus (shown in red/yellow on the left) and related structures. Right, Schematic depiction of hippocampal LFP recordings during NREM sleep (green), REM sleep (blue), and awake (AWK, red) states. NREM sleep is characterized by occasional sharp-wave-ripple complexes, REM states by occasional short-lasting hippocampal theta rhythms, and awake states by somewhat longer epochs of theta. The majority of MTLE seizures arise in NREM or awake states with very few starting during REM sleep. The thickness of each arrow pointing to the large-amplitude seizure (purple) indicates the relative probability of seizure onset from each state. B, Schematic summary of the main findings of Sedigh-Sarvestani et al. (2014). Left, Injection of tetanus toxin into the rat hippocampus leads to chronic seizures and is thought to provide a good model of human MTLE. Right, As in humans, rodent hippocampal LFP during NREM sleep is characterized by occasional sharp-wave-ripple complexes. However, unlike human REM sleep, continuous and pronounced hippocampal theta oscillations are seen during rodent REM sleep. Awake periods in rats show either wide-band desynchronized activity (data not shown) or long-lasting bursts of continuous theta rhythms (shown in red). In this rat model, seizures are most likely to arise from REM sleep, less likely to arise from awake-theta periods and very unlikely to arise from NREM sleep. C, Left, Injections of tetanus toxin into different parts of the neocortex can be used to create models of focal neocortical epilepsy. Right, Schematic neocortical LFPs during different sleep–wake states are shown. NREM sleep is characterized by large 1–4 Hz oscillations in the neocortex. Depending on the neocortical region injected, REM sleep and awake periods may or may not show prominent neocortical theta oscillations. Quantifying the likelihood of seizure onset in these various models can help to dissociate the relative contributions of REM sleep and theta rhythms in facilitating seizure onset.
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