Ion mobility spectrometry, infrared dissociation spectroscopy, and ab initio computations toward structural characterization of the deprotonated leucine-enkephalin peptide anion in the gas phase

Abstract

Although the sequencing of protonated proteins and peptides with tandem mass spectrometry has blossomed into a powerful means of characterizing the proteome, much less effort has been directed at their deprotonated analogues, which can offer complementary sequence information. We present a unified approach to characterize the structure and intermolecular interactions present in the gas-phase pentapeptide leucine-enkephalin anion by several vibrational spectroscopy schemes as well as by ion-mobility spectrometry, all of which are analyzed with the help of quantum-chemical computations. The picture emerging from this study is that deprotonation takes place at the C terminus. In this configuration, the excess charge is stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds to two backbone amide groups and thus provides a detailed picture of a potentially common charge accommodation motif in peptide anions.