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Review
. 2014 Apr 30:14:303.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-303.

Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in extrathyroidal malignancies: focus on breast and urological cancer

Salvatore Micali, Stefania Bulotta, Cinzia Puppin, Angelo Territo  1 , Michele Navarra, Giampaolo Bianchi, Giuseppe Damante, Sebastiano Filetti, Diego Russo
Affiliations
Review

Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in extrathyroidal malignancies: focus on breast and urological cancer

Salvatore Micali et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Expression and function of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is requisite for efficient iodide transport in thyrocytes, and its presence in cancer cells allows the use of radioiodine as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in thyroid neoplasia. Discovery of NIS expression in extrathyroidal tissues, including transformed cells, has opened a novel field of research regarding NIS-expressing extrathyroidal neoplasia. Indeed, expression of NIS may be used as a biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Moreover, stimulation of endogenous NIS expression may permit the radioiodine treatment of extrathyroidal lesions by concentrating this radioisotope.

Results: This review describes recent findings in NIS research in extrathyroidal malignancies, focusing on breast and urological cancer, emphasizing the most relevant developments that may have clinical impact.

Conclusions: Given the recent progress in the study of NIS regulation as molecular basis for new therapeutic approaches in extrathyroidal cancers, particular attention is given to studies regarding the relationship between NIS and clinical-pathological aspects of the tumors and the regulation of NIS expression in the experimental models.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
NIS schematic model. The transporter contains 13 transmembrane domain (in red) and 3 N-linked glycosylation sequences (in green).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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