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. 2014 May 5:14:237.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-237.

Impact of Y181C and/or H221Y mutation patterns of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on phenotypic resistance to available non-nucleoside and nucleoside inhibitors in China

Wei Guo, Hanping Li, Daomin Zhuang, Liyan Jiao, Siyang Liu, Lin Li, Yongjian Liu, Tao Gui, Lei Jia, Jingyun Li  1
Affiliations

Impact of Y181C and/or H221Y mutation patterns of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on phenotypic resistance to available non-nucleoside and nucleoside inhibitors in China

Wei Guo et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of K101Q, Y181C and H221Y emerging in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with different mutations patterns in phenotypic susceptibility to currently available NNRTIs (nevirapine NVP, efavirenz EFV) and NRTIs (zidovudine AZT, lamivudine 3TC, stavudine d4T) in China.

Methods: Phenotype testing of currently available NNRTIs (NVP, EFV) and NRTIs (AZT, 3TC, d4T) was performed on TZM-b1 cells using recombined virus strains. P ≤ 0.05 was defined significant considering the change of 50% inhibitory drug concentration (IC50) compared with the reference, while P ≤ 0.01 was considered to be statistically significant considering multiple comparisons.

Results: Triple-mutation K101Q/Y181C/H221Y and double-mutation K101Q/Y181C resulted in significant increase in NVP resistance (1253.9-fold and 986.4-fold), while only K101Q/Y181C/H221Y brought a 5.00-fold significant increase in EFV resistance. Remarkably, K101Q/H221Y was hypersusceptible to EFV (FC = 0.04), but was significantly resistant to the three NRTIs. Then, the interaction analysis suggested the interaction was not significant to NVP (F = 0.77, P = 0.4061) but significant to EFV and other three NRTIs.

Conclusion: Copresence of mutations reported to be associated with NNRTIs confers significant increase to NVP resistance. Interestingly, some may increase the susceptibility to EFV. Certainly, the double mutation (K101Q/H221Y) also changes the susceptibility of viruses to NRTIs. Interaction between two different sites makes resistance more complex.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Curve of the dose-effect relationship of different drugs. x axes indicate log of drug concentrations (uM), y axes indicate the inhibitor rate of virus (%). Red curve is the dose-effect relationship of control pNL4-3, dotted line is y = 50%. (A) is the dose-effect relationship of 5 viruses (K101Q/Y181C/H221Y, K101Q/Y181C, K101Q/H221Y, K101Q and pNL4-3) in NVP. (B) is the dose-effect relationship of 5 viruses (K101Q/Y181C/H221Y, K101Q/Y181C, K101Q/H221Y, K101Q and pNL4-3) in EFV. (C), (D), (E) is the dose-effect relationship of K101Q/H221Y and pNL4-3 in AZT, 3TC and d4T respectively.
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