Functional differences of Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae in determining periodontal disease pathogenesis: a literature review

Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. This bacterium has numerous virulence factors and one is the Fimbriae, which is quite important for bacterial colonization. Fimbriae are appendices that anchor to the bacterial wall and are comprised of the protein FimBriline encoded by the FimA gene. Thus far, six genotypes have been identified, FimA I to V and Ib. Genotypes II and IV are associated with periodontal disease, while genotype I is related to gingival health. Genotype identification of P. gingivalis FimA in periodontitis would be important to confirm the pathogenic genotypes and to establish risk at population level. This review is about the P. gingivalis FimA genotype prevalence worldwide. A systematic search using Pubmed, Hinary, and Science Direct within the following descriptors: Porphyromonas gingivalis, bacterial adhesion, periodontitis, Fimbriae, FimA, genotipification was performed to April 2011.

Keywords: FimA; Fimbriae; Porphyromonas gingivalis; bacterial adhesion; genotipification; periodontitis.

Figure 1. Colony of P. gingivalis, W83 strain, cultivated in blood agar. These are observed in black due to their capacity to attract iron from the culture medium.

Figure 2. Geographic distribution of world populations where studies have been done on Genotipification of the fimA gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Figure 3. Dendrogram, using Ward's method, derived from the distance matrix between frequency of fimA II and fimA IV of world populations based on the squared Euclidean distance. The scale above goes from 0 to 25 to measure the squared Euclidean distance.