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. 2014 Jun 6;2(6):e12037.
doi: 10.14814/phy2.12037. Print 2014 Jun 1.

Leukocyte margination at arteriole shear rate

Naoki Takeishi  1 , Yohsuke Imai  2 , Keita Nakaaki  2 , Takami Yamaguchi  1 , Takuji Ishikawa  2
Affiliations

Leukocyte margination at arteriole shear rate

Naoki Takeishi et al. Physiol Rep. .

Abstract

We numerically investigated margination of leukocytes at arteriole shear rate in straight circular channels with diameters ranging from 10 to 22 μm. Our results demonstrated that passing motion of RBCs effectively induces leukocyte margination not only in small channels but also in large channels. A longer time is needed for margination to occur in a larger channel, but once a leukocyte has marginated, passing motion of RBCs occurs continuously independent of the channel diameter, and leukocyte margination is sustained for a long duration. We also show that leukocytes rarely approach the wall surface to within a microvillus length at arteriole shear rate.

Keywords: Computational biomechanics; leukocyte margination; microcirculation.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Snapshots of the flow of a leukocyte and RBCs for RGs = 102 and Hct= 0.2 in channels of diameter D =10 μm (A), 12 μm (B), 14 μm (C), 18 μm (D), 22 μm at t =0 (E), and 22 μm after margination (F). The flow direction is from left to right.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Velocity of RBCs relative to the leukocyte for RGs = 102 and Hct = 0.2.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Time histories of the separation distance between the leukocyte membrane and wall surface for RGs = 102 and Hct = 0.2.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Probability of the separation distance between the leukocyte membrane and wall surface for RGs = 102 and Hct = 0.2 at wall shear rate 670/s (A) and 330/s (B). Probability was calculated by using the data for 0 ≤ t ≤1 [s]. Bars with a symbol * indicate that the leukocyte was not fully marginated at t =0. For those cases, probability after margination was also given in the bar to the right. In the case of D =22 μm in (A), for example, this was calculated using the data for 0.2 ≤ t ≤1.2 [s] (also see Fig. 3).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effect of hematocrit on the separation distance for RGs = 102: Hct = 0.1 (A), and Hct = 0.3 (B). Effect of leukocyte deformability for Hct = 0.2: RGs = 101 (C), and RGs = 103 (D).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Time histories of the separation distance between the leukocyte membrane and wall surface for RGs = 102 and Hct = 0.3.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
(A) Stretching of RBCs for Gs = 4.0 μN/m. (B) The Taylor parameter of spherical cells in shear flow. (C) Deformation index of RBCs in shear flow undergoing wheel motion. (D) The thickness of the CDPL.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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