Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Dec;29(12):1963-8.
doi: 10.1111/jgh.12637.

Racial disparities and colorectal cancer survival in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus

Salman Waheed  1 , Nilofer Azad, Sehrish Waheed, Hsin-Chieh Yeh
Affiliations

Racial disparities and colorectal cancer survival in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus

Salman Waheed et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec.

Abstract

Background and aim: To investigate whether pre-existing diabetes modifies racial disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival.

Methods: We analyzed prospective data from 16 977 patients (age ≥ 67 years) with CRC from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. SEER registries included data on demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment. Medicare claims were used to define pre-existing diabetes and comorbid conditions. Mortality was confirmed in both sources.

Results: At baseline, 1332 (8%) were African Americans and 26% had diabetes (39% in blacks; 25% in whites). From 2000 to 2005, more than half of the participants died (n = 8782, 52%). This included 820 (62%) deaths (23.8 per 100 person-years) among blacks, and 7962 (51%) deaths (16.6 per 100 person-years) among whites. Among older adults with diabetes, blacks had significantly higher risk of all-cause and CRC mortality after adjustments for demographic characteristics (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21 [1.08-1.37] and 1.21 [1.03-1.42]), respectively, but these associations attenuated to null after additional adjustments for cancer stage and grade. Among adults without diabetes, the risk of all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]: 1.14 [1.04-1.25]) and CRC mortality (HR [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.08-1.36]) remained higher in blacks than whites in fully adjusted models that included demographic variables, cancer stage, grade, treatments, and comorbidities.

Conclusions: Among older adults with CRC, diabetes is an effect modifier on the relationship between race and mortality. Racial disparities in survival were explained by demographics, cancer stage, and grade in patients with diabetes.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; diabetes; outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests

No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted survival probability (95% confidence interval) over follow-up duration by race and diabetes status from cox proportional hazards models (crude estimates).

  1. All-Cause Mortality (long-term)

  2. All-Cause Mortality (within 90-days of cancer diagnosis)

  3. Cardiovascular Mortality

  4. Colorectal Cancer-related Mortality

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted survival probability (95% confidence interval) over follow-up duration by race and diabetes status from cox proportional hazards models (crude estimates).

  1. All-Cause Mortality (long-term)

  2. All-Cause Mortality (within 90-days of cancer diagnosis)

  3. Cardiovascular Mortality

  4. Colorectal Cancer-related Mortality

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted survival probability (95% confidence interval) over follow-up duration by race and diabetes status from cox proportional hazards models (crude estimates).

  1. All-Cause Mortality (long-term)

  2. All-Cause Mortality (within 90-days of cancer diagnosis)

  3. Cardiovascular Mortality

  4. Colorectal Cancer-related Mortality

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted survival probability (95% confidence interval) over follow-up duration by race and diabetes status from cox proportional hazards models (crude estimates).

  1. All-Cause Mortality (long-term)

  2. All-Cause Mortality (within 90-days of cancer diagnosis)

  3. Cardiovascular Mortality

  4. Colorectal Cancer-related Mortality

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Du XL, Meyer TE, Franzini L. Meta-analysis of racial disparities in survival in association with socioeconomic status among men and women with colon cancer. Cancer. 2007;109:2161–2170. - PubMed
    1. Robbins AS, Siegel RL, Jemal A. Racial disparities in stage-specific colorectal cancer mortality rates from 1985 to 2008. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:401–405. - PubMed
    1. White A, Vernon SW, Franzini L, Du XL. Racial disparities in colorectal cancer survival: To what extent are racial disparities explained by differences in treatment, tumor characteristics, or hospital characteristics? Cancer. 2010;116:4622–4631. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Du XL, Lin CC, Johnson NJ, Altekruse S. Effects of individual-level socioeconomic factors on racial disparities in cancer treatment and survival: Findings from the national longitudinal mortality study, 1979–2003. Cancer. 2011;117:3242–3251. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hall MJ, Ruth K, Giri VN. Rates and predictors of colorectal cancer screening by race among motivated men participating in a prostate cancer risk assessment program. Cancer. 2012;118:478–484. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types