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. 2014 Jun 6;19(6):7440-58.
doi: 10.3390/molecules19067440.

Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves

Yuan-Feng Zou  1 , Bing-Zhao Zhang  2 , Hilde Barsett  2 , Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen  2 , Drissa Diallo  3 , Terje Einar Michaelsen  2 , Berit Smestad Paulsen  2
Affiliations

Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves

Yuan-Feng Zou et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. The chemical compositions showed that the polysaccharides are of pectic nature. The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Complement-fixating activities of the crude water extracts obtained by ASE from root bark, stem bark and leaves of T. macroptera related to positive control (BP II from Biophytum petersianum). ICH50-BPII/ ICH50-Sample shows how active each individual test sample is compared to the positive control BPII.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Complement-fixating activities of purified polysaccharide fractions obtained from root bark, stem bark and leaves of T. macroptera related to positive control BPII. ICH50-BPII/ ICH50-Sample shows how active each individual test sample is compared to the positive control BPII.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Extraction and fractionation scheme of polysaccharides extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) from root bark, stem bark and leaves of T. macroptera (IEC, ion exchange chromatography; GF, gel filtration; underlined acidic fractions showed high complement fixation activity and were fractionated for further studies).
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