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. 2014 Jun;10(3 Suppl):S122-45.
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.009.

Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms

Timothy C Durazzo  1 , Niklas Mattsson  2 , Michael W Weiner  3 ; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Affiliations

Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms

Timothy C Durazzo et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of smoking in the military is approximately 11% higher than in civilians.

Methods: A systematic review of published studies on the association between smoking and increased risk for AD and preclinical and human literature on the relationships between smoking, nicotine exposure, and AD-related neuropathology was conducted. Original data from comparisons of smoking and never-smoking cognitively normal elders on in vivo amyloid imaging are also presented.

Results: Overall, literature indicates that former/active smoking is related to a significantly increased risk for AD. Cigarette smoke/smoking is associated with AD neuropathology in preclinical models and humans. Smoking-related cerebral oxidative stress is a potential mechanism promoting AD pathology and increased risk for AD.

Conclusions: A reduction in the incidence of smoking will likely reduce the future prevalence of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Cigarette smoking; Military; Oxidative stress; Risk; Tau; Tobacco; U.S. Armed Services.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest

Drs. Durazzo, Mattsson, and Weiner have no conflicts of interest to report.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Regional florbetapir retention for smokers and never-smokers. Retention values for each region represent the ratio formed by standardization to whole cerebellar florbetapir retention. Bars represent the group mean and error bars are the standard error of the mean; ES = Cohen’s d effect size.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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