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Observational Study
. 2014 Jun 12;55(7):4304-12.
doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14479.

The prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes in eyes with inactive extramacular CMV retinitis

Igor Kozak  1 , Vijay Vaidya  2 , Mark L Van Natta  2 , Jeong W Pak  3 , K Patrick May  2 , Jennifer E Thorne  4 ; Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

The prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes in eyes with inactive extramacular CMV retinitis

Igor Kozak et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. .

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in eyes with inactive extramacular cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Methods: A case-control report from a longitudinal multicenter observational study by the Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Research Group. A total of 357 eyes of 270 patients with inactive CMV retinitis and 1084 eyes of 552 patients with no ocular opportunistic infection (OOI) were studied. Stereoscopic views of the posterior pole from fundus photographs were assessed at baseline and year 5 visits for the presence of macular ERM. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence and 5-year incidence of ERM in eyes with and without CMV retinitis at enrollment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was performed adjusting for possible confounders. Main outcome measures included the prevalence, incidence, estimated prevalence, and incidence odds ratios.

Results: The prevalence of ERM at enrollment was 14.8% (53/357) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 1.8% (19/1084) in eyes with no OOI. The incidence of ERM at 5 years was 18.6% (16/86) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 2.4% (6/253) in eyes with no OOI. The crude odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) for prevalence was 9.8 (5.5-17.5) (P < 0.01). The crude OR (95% CI) for incidence was 9.4 (3.2-27.9) (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: A history of extramacular CMV retinitis is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of ERM formation compared to what is seen in eyes without ocular opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.

Keywords: AIDS; CMV retinitis; epiretinal membrane; incidence; prevalence.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The LSOCA fundus photography grid outlining the retinal regions into three zones. Zone 1 corresponds to an area of 2 disc diameters (DD) (3600 μm) from the center of macula (green macular circle) and 1 DD (1800 μm) from the margins of the optic disc (green optic disc circle). Zone 2 extends from zone 1 to the vortex veins, and zone 3 extends from zone 2 to the ora serrata.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A mosaic image with the LSOCA grid showing an inactive cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis lesion in periphery, and epiretinal membrane and tension lines in macular zone 1 area (inset).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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