The cardiopulmonary response to OKT3 in orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients

Abstract

Improvement in the outcome from cardiac transplantation can be attributed to recent advances in immunosuppression, including the use of OKT3, a new monoclonal antibody. The first dose of OKT3 induces side effects such as dyspnea in other transplant populations. We studied cardiopulmonary responses to OKT3 in 23 recipients of cardiac transplants. Despite pretreatment including antihistamines, hydrocortisone, and acetaminophen, OKT3 administered within 72 hours of transplantation, as part of prophylactic immunosuppression, induced a biphasic systemic response. Within the first hour, patients developed fever, hyperdynamia, hypertension, and tachycardia. By five to seven hours after the dose, there was mild hypotension, hypoxemia, and decreased indices of vascular resistance. Eighteen of the 23 patients required supplemental oxygen or vasopressor support (or both). Our findings define a complex cardiovascular response to OKT3 exhibited by the delayed noncoincident onset of hemodynamic instability, hypoxemia, and fever. Close observation in an ICU is recommended during the initial administration of OKT3 for prompt intervention when reactions occur.