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. 2014 Jul;8(1):201-206.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2014.1693. Epub 2014 Apr 25.

Feasibility and efficacy of a remote real-time wireless ECG monitoring and stimulation system for management of ventricular arrhythmia in rabbits with myocardial infarction

Zhi-Wen Zhou  1 , Kai Gou  1 , Zhang-Yuan Luo  2 , Wei Li  1 , Wen-Zan Zhang  2 , Yi-Gang Li  1
Affiliations

Feasibility and efficacy of a remote real-time wireless ECG monitoring and stimulation system for management of ventricular arrhythmia in rabbits with myocardial infarction

Zhi-Wen Zhou et al. Exp Ther Med. 2014 Jul.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of continuous remote monitoring, and the induction and termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) by a novel implantable electronic cardiovascular device (IECD) system in rabbits with myocardial infarction (MI). The IECD was implanted and MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 20 adult rabbits. Internet-based remote electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and ventricular stimulation were conducted in remote locations with internet access. The voltage amplitudes of the stimulation signals were recorded synchronously by remote and surface ECG. Programmed stimulation with regular stimuli and regular stimuli with an added extra stimulus were performed prior to and following the MI surgery to induce and terminate VAs. IECD implantation and MI surgery, as well as qualified remote and bidirectional signal communications between the implanted IECD and extracorporeal system, were successfully achieved in 18 rabbits. The voltage of the stimulation signals recorded by the remote and surface ECGs showed a good correlation with the stimulation current (remote ECG, r=0.972 and surface ECG, r=0.988; P<0.001). Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced in five rabbits (5/20, 25%) prior to MI induction and in 12 rabbits (12/16, 75%) following MI induction. Of the 17 induced VTs, 16 were successfully terminated by remote ventricular stimulation. The novel IECD system provides qualified remote wireless ECG monitoring and possesses the potential to induce and terminate VAs by remote ventricular pacing in this rabbit model of MI. Thus, this model of MI may be used to test the efficacy of novel drugs and devices for the management of VAs.

Keywords: implantable electronic cardiovascular device; management; remote; ventricular arrhythmia; wireless.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
External features and components of the implantable electronic cardiovascular device. ECG, electrocardiogram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the implantable electronic cardiovascular device (IECD) implanted in a rabbit and the extracorporeal remote system. 3G, third-generation mobile communications technology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ECG signaling was recorded synchronously by surface (upper) and remote (lower) ECGs. (A) Normal sinus rhythm; (B) ventricular pacing; (C) VF; and (D) VT. ECG, electrocardiogram; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
Figure 4
Figure 4
S1S1 (upper) and S1S2 (lower) programs. S1S1, regular stimuli; S1S2, regular stimuli with an added early-extra-stimulus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation between the stimulating current and the stimulating signal voltage recorded by the surface and remote ECGs (upper graphs). Correlation of the stimulating signal voltage between the remote and surface ECGs (lower graph). ECG, electrocardiogram.
Figure 6
Figure 6
VT induced and then terminated by the S1S2 pacing program (upper graphs). VT/VF induced and then terminated by the S1S2 pacing program (lower graphs). SR, sinus rhythm; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; S1S2, regular stimuli with an added extra stimulus.
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