Inhibitory control effects in adolescent binge eating and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and snacks

Abstract

Inhibitory control and sensitivity to reward are relevant to the food choices individuals make frequently. An imbalance of these systems can lead to deficits in decision-making that are relevant to food ingestion. This study evaluated the relationship between dietary behaviors - binge eating and consumption of sweetened beverages and snacks - and behavioral control processes among 198 adolescents, ages 14 to 17. Neurocognitive control processes were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a generic Go/No-Go task, and a food-specific Go/No-Go task. The food-specific version directly ties the task to food cues that trigger responses, addressing an integral link between cue-habit processes. Diet was assessed with self-administered food frequency and binge eating questionnaires. Latent variable models revealed marked gender differences. Inhibitory problems on the food-specific and generic Go/No-Go tasks were significantly correlated with binge eating only in females, whereas inhibitory problems measured with these tasks were the strongest correlates of sweet snack consumption in males. Higher BMI percentile and sedentary behavior also predicted binge eating in females and sweet snack consumption in males. Inhibitory problems on the generic Go/No-Go, poorer affective decision-making on the IGT, and sedentary behavior were associated with sweetened beverage consumption in males, but not females. The food-specific Go/No-Go was not predictive in models evaluating sweetened beverage consumption, providing some initial discriminant validity for the task, which consisted of sweet/fatty snacks as no-go signals and no sugar-sweetened beverage signals. This work extends research findings, revealing gender differences in inhibitory function relevant to behavioral control. Further, the findings contribute to research implicating the relevance of cues in habitual behaviors and their relationship to snack food consumption in an understudied population of diverse adolescents not receiving treatment for eating disorders.

Keywords: Adolescents; Binge eating; Cue effects; Impulsivity; Inhibitory control; Sweetened snacks.

Figure 1

Standardized path estimates for YAQ outcomes. Note. Standardized path estimates are shown for the model including generic false alarms or inhibitory failures. IGT and false alarms are latent variables with three parcel indicators each. The path estimates for the food false alarms are given after the slash mark. Predictors were allowed to correlate. Outcomes were allowed to correlate. P-values are one-tailed at **p<0.01, *p<0.05. Paths that were statistically significant at p < .05 are depicted in bold. N=193 (males=84, females=109). ADM: Affective Decision Making.

Figure 2

Standardized path estimates for binge eating outcome. Note. Standardized path estimates are shown for the model including generic false alarms. IGT and false alarms are latent variables with three parcel indicators each. The path estimates for the food false alarms are given after the slash mark. Predictors were allowed to correlate. P-values are one-tailed at **p<0.01, *p<0.05. Paths that were statistically significant at p < .05 are depicted in bold. N=193 (males=84, females=109). ADM: Affective Decision Making.

Figure 3

Standardized path estimates for eating salty/fatty snacks outcome. Note. Standardized path estimates are shown for the model including generic false alarms or inhibitory failures. IGT and false alarms are latent variables with three parcel indicators each. The path estimates for the food false alarms are given after the slash mark. Predictors were allowed to correlate. P-values are one-tailed at **p<0.01, *p<0.05. Paths that were statistically significant at p < .05 are depicted in bold. N=193 (males=84, females=109). ADM: Affective Decision Making.