Chest CT findings in EBUS-TBNA-proven anthracosis in enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes

Abstract

Purpose: We demonstrate the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) findings of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)-proven hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with signs of anthracosis.

Materials and methods: 53 enlarged lymph nodes in 39 patients (28 male, 11 female) with EBUS-TBNA-confirmed anthracosis were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The mean short axis diameter of the enlarged lymph nodes with signs of anthracosis was 13.7 mm. Lymph nodes most often showed an oval shape (84 %) and were well defined in 66 % of cases. Lymph node confluence was observed in 32 % of cases. Calcifications were documented in 24.5 % of cases. Contrast enhancement and fatty involution were seen seldom (3.8 %). Lymph node necrosis was not seen.

Conclusion: Lymph node anthracosis may be found most often in enlarged, well defined lymph nodes with an oval shape, frequently associated with confluence and calcifications.