Cognitive Behavioural Therapy versus Basic Health Education for Tobacco Cessation among Tobacco Users: A Randomized Clinical Trail

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco is the greatest disease-producing product which is known to man and it is a primary cause of many oral diseases and adverse oral conditions. This study was conducted to bring the behavioural changes and to educate individuals about the harmful effects of tobacco.

Method: Subjects reporting to the tobacco cessation centre of the Department of Public Health Dentistry and giving a history of tobacco consumption (smoking/smokeless) within past 30 day period were randomized into 2 groups: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group (study group) and Basic health education (BHE) group (control group). Baseline evaluation (of demographic parameters, smoking/ smokeless behaviour) was done and Fagerstrom's test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess subjects' nicotine addiction levels. Follow up was done at intervals of 2 weeks and 4 weeks to assess the reduction in the mean FTND score. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed (Paired and Unpaired t-test).

Results: Of all the subjects who reported to the department, 40 subjects were recruited in the study. A majority of the subjects were males who belonged to rural areas, who had completed high school and most of them had consumed more than 10 sachets of pan masala daily, for an average of 10 years. In both CBT and BHE groups, significant reductions in mean Fagerstrom scores at 1st and 2nd follow ups from baseline and between 1st and 2nd follow ups were seen. But when both groups were compared, reductions in mean Fagerstrom scores were found to be more in CBT group than in BHE group at all time intervals, though it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Any intervention given to tobacco users from either CBT or BHE groups, helped the patients in quitting habit of tobacco.

Keywords: Basic health education; Cognitive behavioural therapy; Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND); Tobacco cessation.

[Table/Fig-2]:

Comparison of mean FTND score reduction at different time interval (CBT)

[Table/Fig-3]:

Comparison of mean FTND score reduction at different time interval (BHE)

[Table/Fig-4]:

Comparison of mean FTND score reduction in CBT and BHE at different follow-up