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. 2014 Apr;5(2):151-4.
doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.131660.

Microsurgical training model for residents to approach to the orbit and the optic nerve in fresh cadaveric sheep cranium

M Emre Altunrende  1 , Mustafa Kemal Hamamcioglu  2 , Tufan Hıcdonmez  3 , Mehmet Osman Akcakaya  1 , Barıs Bırgılı  4 , Sebahattin Cobanoglu  3
Affiliations

Microsurgical training model for residents to approach to the orbit and the optic nerve in fresh cadaveric sheep cranium

M Emre Altunrende et al. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2014 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Neurosurgery and ophthalmology residents need many years to improve microsurgical skills. Laboratory training models are very important for developing surgical skills before clinical application of microsurgery. A simple simulation model is needed for residents to learn how to handle microsurgical instruments and to perform safe dissection of intracranial or intraorbital nerves, vessels, and other structures.

Materials and methods: The simulation material consists of a one-year-old fresh cadaveric sheep cranium. Two parts (Part 1 and Part 2) were designed to approach structures of the orbit. Part 1 consisted of a 2-step approach to dissect intraorbital structures, and Part 2 consisted of a 3-step approach to dissect the optic nerve intracranially.

Results: The model simulates standard microsurgical techniques using a variety of approaches to structures in and around the orbit and the optic nerve.

Conclusions: This laboratory training model enables trainees to gain experience with an operating microscope, microsurgical instruments and orbital structures.

Keywords: Microneurosurgery; microsurgery; microsurgical training; optic nerve; orbita surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Exposed superior and lateral orbital border with supraorbital notch and supraorbital nerve
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) First step of the dissection consisting of subperiostal dissection of the periorbita and bony removal of the superior orbital border and roof by rongeur (b) Microsurgical identification and dissection of the retroocular anatomic structures in the orbital fatty tissue in order to approach the orbital apex
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Following the craniectomy to simulate the standard frontal craniotomy and dura was opened in a semicircular fashion. This way it is possible to simulate the standard frontal approach in the human brain (b) The next step is identification and microsurgical dissection of the optic nerve. The filled arteries in Sylvian dissection step allows to feel a real surgery experience for inexperienced neurosurgery residents (c) At the end of the dissection, the last step is the opening of optic canal and exposure of the optic nerve within the canal
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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