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Clinical Trial
. 2014:2014:542549.
doi: 10.1155/2014/542549. Epub 2014 May 21.

Differential effects of dry eye disorders on metabolomic profile by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Carmen Galbis-Estrada  1 , Sebastián Martinez-Castillo  2 , José M Morales  3 , Bárbara Vivar-Llopis  1 , Daniel Monleón  4 , Manuel Díaz-Llopis  5 , María Dolores Pinazo-Durán  1
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Differential effects of dry eye disorders on metabolomic profile by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Carmen Galbis-Estrada et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

We used (1)H NMR spectroscopy to analyze the metabolomic profile of reflex tears from patients with dry eye disorders (DEDs). 90 subjects were divided into 2 groups: (1) patients with DEDs (DEDG; n = 55) and (2) healthy subjects (CG; n = 35). Additionally, the DEDG was subdivided into 2 subgroups based on DED severity: mild-to-moderate and moderate (n = 22 and n = 33, resp.). Personal interviews and systematized ophthalmologic examinations were carried out. Reflex tears (20-30 μL) were collected by gently rubbing in the inferior meniscus of both eyelids with a microglass pipette and stored at -80°C until analysis. NMR spectra were acquired using a standard one-dimensional pulse sequence with water suppression. Data were processed and transferred to MATLAB for further chemometric analysis. Main differences in tear composition between DEDG and CG were found in cholesterol, N-acetylglucosamine, glutamate, creatine, amino-n-butyrate, choline, acetylcholine, arginine, phosphoethanolamine, glucose, and phenylalanine levels. This metabolic fingerprint helped also to discriminate between the three additional subgroups of DEDG. Our results suggest that tear metabolic differences between DEDG and CG identified by NMR could be useful in understanding ocular surface pathogenesis and improving biotherapy.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative spectra of tears from DEDG patients (upper spectrum) and CG subjects (lower spectrum).
Figure 2
Figure 2
PLS-DA score plot of the DEDG (blue squares) and the CG (green asterisks).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Score plot of the PLS-DA discriminatory model to differentiate between mild-to-moderate dry (red and blue) and moderate dry eyes (green).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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