. 2014 Jul 3;95(1):49-65.

doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002. Epub 2014 Jun 26.

Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations

Santhi K Ganesh¹, Daniel I Chasman², Martin G Larson³, Xiuqing Guo⁴, Germain Verwoert⁵, Joshua C Bis⁶, Xiangjun Gu⁷, Albert V Smith⁸, Min-Lee Yang⁹, Yan Zhang¹⁰, Georg Ehret¹¹, Lynda M Rose¹², Shih-Jen Hwang¹³, George J Papanicolau¹⁴, Eric J Sijbrands¹⁵, Kenneth Rice¹⁶, Gudny Eiriksdottir¹⁷, Vasyl Pihur¹⁸, Paul M Ridker², Ramachandran S Vasan¹⁹, Christopher Newton-Cheh²⁰; Global Blood Pressure Genetics Consortium; Leslie J Raffel²¹, Najaf Amin²², Jerome I Rotter⁴, Kiang Liu²³, Lenore J Launer²⁴, Ming Xu²⁵, Mark Caulfield²⁶, Alanna C Morrison²⁷, Andrew D Johnson²⁸, Dhananjay Vaidya²⁹, Abbas Dehghan²², Guo Li⁶, Claude Bouchard³⁰, Tamara B Harris²⁴, He Zhang⁹, Eric Boerwinkle²⁷, David S Siscovick³¹, Wei Gao²⁵, Andre G Uitterlinden³², Fernando Rivadeneira⁵, Albert Hofman²², Cristen J Willer⁹, Oscar H Franco²², Yong Huo¹⁰, Jacqueline C M Witteman²², Patricia B Munroe²⁶, Vilmundur Gudnason⁸, Walter Palmas³³, Cornelia van Duijn³⁴, Myriam Fornage³⁵, Daniel Levy³⁶, Bruce M Psaty³⁷, Aravinda Chakravarti³⁸

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Global Blood Pressure Genetics Consortium:
Christopher Newton-Cheh, Toby Johnson, Vesela Gateva, Martin D Tobin, Murielle Bochud, Lachlan Coin, Samer S Najjar, Jing Hua Zhao, Simon C Heath, Susana Eyheramendy, Konstantinos Papadakis, Benjamin F Voight, Laura J Scott, Feng Zhang, Martin Farrall, Toshiko Tanaka, Chris Wallace, John C Chambers, Kay-Tee Khaw, Peter Nilsson, Pim van der Harst, Silvia Polidoro, Diederick E Grobbee, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Michiel L Bots, Louise V Wain, Katherine S Elliott, Alexander Teumer, Jian'an Luan, Gavin Lucas, Johanna Kuusisto, Paul R Burton, David Hadley, Wendy L McArdle, Morris Brown, Anna Dominiczak, Stephen J Newhouse, Nilesh J Samani, John Webster, Eleftheria Zeggini, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Noha Lim, Kijoung Song, Peter Vollenweider, Gerard Waeber, Dawn M Waterworth, Xin Yuan, Leif Groop, Marju Orho-Melander, Alessandra Allione, Alessandra Di Gregorio, Simonetta Guarrera, Salvatore Panico, Fulvio Ricceri, Valeria Romanazzi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Paolo Vineis, Inês Barroso, Manjinder S Sandhu, Robert N Luben, Gabriel J Crawford, Pekka Jousilahti, Markus Perola, Michael Boehnke, Lori L Bonnycastle, Francis S Collins, Anne U Jackson, Karen L Mohlke, Heather M Stringham, Timo T Valle, Cristen J Willer, Richard N Bergman, Mario A Morken, Angela Döring, Christian Gieger, Thomas Illig, Thomas Meitinger, Elin Org, Arne Pfeufer, H Erich Wichmann, Sekar Kathiresan, Jaume Marrugat, Christopher J O'Donnell, Stephen M Schwartz, David S Siscovick, Isaac Subirana, Nelson B Freimer, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Mark I McCarthy, Paul F O'Reilly, Leena Peltonen, Anneli Pouta, Paul E de Jong, Harold Snieder, Wiek H van Gilst, Robert Clarke, Anuj Goel, Anders Hamsten, John F Peden, Udo Seedorf, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Giovanni Tognoni, Edward G Lakatta, Serena Sanna, Paul Scheet, David Schlessinger, Angelo Scuteri, Marcus Dörr, Florian Ernst, Stephan B Felix, Georg Homuth, Roberto Lorbeer, Thorsten Reffelmann, Rainer Rettig, Uwe Völker, Pilar Galan, Ivo G Gut, Serge Hercberg, G Mark Lathrop, Diana Zeleneka, Panos Deloukas, Nicole Soranzo, Frances M Williams, Guangju Zhai, Veikko Salomaa, Markku Laakso, Roberto Elosua, Nita G Forouhi, Henry Völzke, Cuno S Uiterwaal, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Mattijs E Numans, Giuseppe Matullo, Gerjan Navis, Göran Berglund, Sheila A Bingham, Jaspal S Kooner, Andrew D Paterson, John M Connell, Stefania Bandinelli, Luigi Ferrucci, Hugh Watkins, Tim D Spector, Jaakko Tuomilehto, David Altshuler, David P Strachan, Maris Laan, Pierre Meneton, Nicholas J Wareham, Manuela Uda, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Vincent Mooser, Olle Melander, Ruth J F Loos, Paul Elliott, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Mark Caulfield, Patricia B Munroe

Affiliations

¹ Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: sganesh@umich.edu.
² Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115, USA.
³ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
⁴ Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁶ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
⁷ Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
⁸ Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
⁹ Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
¹¹ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
¹² Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
¹³ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
¹⁷ Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
¹⁸ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
¹⁹ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Divisions of Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School for Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
²⁰ Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
²¹ Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
²² Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
²³ Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
²⁴ Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
²⁵ Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
²⁶ Clinical Pharmacology and the Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
²⁷ Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
²⁸ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA.
²⁹ Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
³⁰ Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
³¹ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
³² Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands.
³³ Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
³⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands.
³⁵ Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
³⁶ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
³⁷ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
³⁸ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: aravinda@jhmi.edu.

PMID: 24975945
PMCID: PMC4085637
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002

Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations

Santhi K Ganesh et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2014.

. 2014 Jul 3;95(1):49-65.

doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002. Epub 2014 Jun 26.

Authors

Collaborators

Global Blood Pressure Genetics Consortium:
Christopher Newton-Cheh, Toby Johnson, Vesela Gateva, Martin D Tobin, Murielle Bochud, Lachlan Coin, Samer S Najjar, Jing Hua Zhao, Simon C Heath, Susana Eyheramendy, Konstantinos Papadakis, Benjamin F Voight, Laura J Scott, Feng Zhang, Martin Farrall, Toshiko Tanaka, Chris Wallace, John C Chambers, Kay-Tee Khaw, Peter Nilsson, Pim van der Harst, Silvia Polidoro, Diederick E Grobbee, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Michiel L Bots, Louise V Wain, Katherine S Elliott, Alexander Teumer, Jian'an Luan, Gavin Lucas, Johanna Kuusisto, Paul R Burton, David Hadley, Wendy L McArdle, Morris Brown, Anna Dominiczak, Stephen J Newhouse, Nilesh J Samani, John Webster, Eleftheria Zeggini, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Noha Lim, Kijoung Song, Peter Vollenweider, Gerard Waeber, Dawn M Waterworth, Xin Yuan, Leif Groop, Marju Orho-Melander, Alessandra Allione, Alessandra Di Gregorio, Simonetta Guarrera, Salvatore Panico, Fulvio Ricceri, Valeria Romanazzi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Paolo Vineis, Inês Barroso, Manjinder S Sandhu, Robert N Luben, Gabriel J Crawford, Pekka Jousilahti, Markus Perola, Michael Boehnke, Lori L Bonnycastle, Francis S Collins, Anne U Jackson, Karen L Mohlke, Heather M Stringham, Timo T Valle, Cristen J Willer, Richard N Bergman, Mario A Morken, Angela Döring, Christian Gieger, Thomas Illig, Thomas Meitinger, Elin Org, Arne Pfeufer, H Erich Wichmann, Sekar Kathiresan, Jaume Marrugat, Christopher J O'Donnell, Stephen M Schwartz, David S Siscovick, Isaac Subirana, Nelson B Freimer, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Mark I McCarthy, Paul F O'Reilly, Leena Peltonen, Anneli Pouta, Paul E de Jong, Harold Snieder, Wiek H van Gilst, Robert Clarke, Anuj Goel, Anders Hamsten, John F Peden, Udo Seedorf, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Giovanni Tognoni, Edward G Lakatta, Serena Sanna, Paul Scheet, David Schlessinger, Angelo Scuteri, Marcus Dörr, Florian Ernst, Stephan B Felix, Georg Homuth, Roberto Lorbeer, Thorsten Reffelmann, Rainer Rettig, Uwe Völker, Pilar Galan, Ivo G Gut, Serge Hercberg, G Mark Lathrop, Diana Zeleneka, Panos Deloukas, Nicole Soranzo, Frances M Williams, Guangju Zhai, Veikko Salomaa, Markku Laakso, Roberto Elosua, Nita G Forouhi, Henry Völzke, Cuno S Uiterwaal, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Mattijs E Numans, Giuseppe Matullo, Gerjan Navis, Göran Berglund, Sheila A Bingham, Jaspal S Kooner, Andrew D Paterson, John M Connell, Stefania Bandinelli, Luigi Ferrucci, Hugh Watkins, Tim D Spector, Jaakko Tuomilehto, David Altshuler, David P Strachan, Maris Laan, Pierre Meneton, Nicholas J Wareham, Manuela Uda, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Vincent Mooser, Olle Melander, Ruth J F Loos, Paul Elliott, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Mark Caulfield, Patricia B Munroe

Affiliations

¹ Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: sganesh@umich.edu.
² Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115, USA.
³ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
⁴ Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁶ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
⁷ Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
⁸ Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
⁹ Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
¹¹ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
¹² Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
¹³ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
¹⁷ Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
¹⁸ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
¹⁹ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Divisions of Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School for Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
²⁰ Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
²¹ Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
²² Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
²³ Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
²⁴ Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
²⁵ Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
²⁶ Clinical Pharmacology and the Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
²⁷ Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
²⁸ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA.
²⁹ Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
³⁰ Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
³¹ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
³² Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands.
³³ Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
³⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 the Hague, the Netherlands.
³⁵ Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
³⁶ Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
³⁷ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
³⁸ Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns-Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: aravinda@jhmi.edu.

PMID: 24975945
PMCID: PMC4085637
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable, quantitative trait with intraindividual variability and susceptibility to measurement error. Genetic studies of BP generally use single-visit measurements and thus cannot remove variability occurring over months or years. We leveraged the idea that averaging BP measured across time would improve phenotypic accuracy and thereby increase statistical power to detect genetic associations. We studied systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) averaged over multiple years in 46,629 individuals of European ancestry. We identified 39 trait-variant associations across 19 independent loci (p < 5 × 10(-8)); five associations (in four loci) uniquely identified by our LTA analyses included those of SBP and MAP at 2p23 (rs1275988, near KCNK3), DBP at 2q11.2 (rs7599598, in FER1L5), and PP at 6p21 (rs10948071, near CRIP3) and 7p13 (rs2949837, near IGFBP3). Replication analyses conducted in cohorts with single-visit BP data showed positive replication of associations and a nominal association (p < 0.05). We estimated a 20% gain in statistical power with long-term average (LTA) as compared to single-visit BP association studies. Using LTA analysis, we identified genetic loci influencing BP. LTA might be one way of increasing the power of genetic associations for continuous traits in extant samples for other phenotypes that are measured serially over time.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
LTA versus V1 SBP and DBP Residuals in the ARIC Cohort The final averaged residuals for LTA SBP and LTA DBP (n = 8,778) are plotted on the y axis against the corresponding V1 SBP and V1 DBP residuals on the x axis.

**Figure 2**
GWASs: –Log p Plots for LTA and V1 SBP and DBP Analyses GWAS –log p plots compare (A) LTA SBP and V1 SBP and (B) LTA DBP and V1 DBP. Regions containing one or more SNPs with p < 5 × 10⁻⁸ are in red, and suggestive associations (p < 5 × 10⁻⁷) are shown in blue.

**Figure 3**
–Log p Values of Association Tests for *ATP2B1* in Chromosomal Region 12q21 Demonstrate Enrichment by LTA Plots of –log p values of association tests for LTA SBP are shown for (A) the 12q21 *ATP2B1* region, known to be robustly associated with BP, and (B) the 2p23 *KCNK3* region, which was identified in this study. Both regions demonstrated enrichment of the association signal by LTA. The results of the LTA SBP analysis are plotted in black, and the results of the corresponding V1 SBP analysis of the same individuals are plotted in blue.

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References

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Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations

Collaborators

Affiliations

Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous